本文選題：傳統(tǒng)建筑 + 土工技術�。� 參考：《河南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國是世界四大文明古國之一，在中國五千年的歷史文化長河中，我們的古人留下了很多極有豐富歷史價值的建筑遺跡，而這些建筑遺跡不僅是人類滄桑歷史的見證，也是人類智慧和文明的結晶，更是建筑技術與藝術的完美結合。中國古代建筑中普遍選用的建筑原料是“土”和“木”，而“土”則是先人們最先使用且使用時間最長的一種建筑材料。因此，土建筑在中國傳統(tǒng)建筑中占有著十分重要的地位，它的建造過程不僅體現(xiàn)了古人高超的營建技術，，還包含著對自然環(huán)境的思考，對生存環(huán)境的考量。不論是雄偉的宮殿、神圣的寺院、成排的窯洞，還是多姿多彩的民間建筑，都以其高超的建造技巧、獨特的藝術風格，在世界建筑史上自成一家，也成為我國古代文明的重要組成部分。 古人從最開始的將天然洞穴作為居所，到學會使用工具來挖掘、構建居所，這不僅僅只是社會發(fā)展的過程，更是人類運用自己的智慧對建筑材料及技術進行加工和提煉的過程。建筑技術是將施工時所需要的建筑材料，按其自身的性能與建筑的功能需要而對其進行加工改造、構筑的技術和方法。材料是建筑技術得以實現(xiàn)的物質(zhì)基礎，不同的材料都有其獨特的結構應用方式，建筑技術的核心就在于材料和結構的相互適應及滿足，通過對材料自身物理性能的加工和應用，以滿足建筑要求的穩(wěn)定和堅固。中國古代傳統(tǒng)建筑正是建立在建筑技術的豐富性與多樣性基礎之上的。建筑及建筑文化的發(fā)展，首先不能擺脫技術發(fā)展的制約，它的發(fā)展總是和一定的技術水平相一致的。 本文主要是從古人如何觀土、辨土和用土以及技術方法等角度來論述中國古代建筑技術中對土材應用的發(fā)展歷程，并根據(jù)不同的建造方式和加工形式將土工技術總結歸納為掏挖式、夯打式、砌筑式及機械式、水合式、燒結式等六種不同的方式。從每種方式的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及其類型、工具等方面分析了中國古代土工技術的整體發(fā)展情況。
[Abstract]:China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. In the long history and culture of China for five thousand years, our ancients left behind many architectural relics of extremely rich historical value, and these architectural relics are not only witness to the vicissitudes of human life. Is also the crystallization of human wisdom and civilization, but also the perfect combination of architectural technology and art. In ancient Chinese architecture, "earth" and "wood" are commonly used as building materials, and "earth" is one of the earliest and longest used building materials. Therefore, the earth architecture occupies a very important position in the Chinese traditional architecture. Its construction process not only reflects the construction technology of the ancients, but also includes the consideration of the natural environment and the living environment. Whether it is a majestic palace, a sacred temple, a row of caves, or a colorful folk building, with its superb construction skills and unique artistic style, it has become its own house in the history of the world's architecture. It has also become an important part of ancient Chinese civilization. From the beginning of the natural cave as a residence to learning to use tools to dig and construct the residence, this is not only the process of social development, but also the process of human beings using their wisdom to process and refine the building materials and technology. The construction technology is the technology and method to process and transform the construction materials according to its own performance and the function of the building. The material is the material foundation which the construction technology can realize, the different material all has its unique structure application way, the core of the building technology lies in the material and the structure mutually adapts and satisfies, through the processing and the application to the material own physical performance, To meet the building requirements of stability and firmness. Chinese ancient traditional architecture is based on the richness and diversity of architectural technology. The development of architecture and architectural culture, first of all, can not get rid of the constraints of technological development, its development is always consistent with a certain level of technology. This paper mainly discusses the development of the application of soil in ancient Chinese architectural technology from the perspectives of how the ancients looked at the soil, distinguished the soil, and used the soil as well as the technical methods. According to different construction methods and processing forms, the geotechnical methods are summarized into six different ways, such as digging, ramming, masonry and mechanical, hydration, sintering, etc. This paper analyzes the overall development of ancient Chinese geotechnical technology from the aspects of the emergence, development, types and tools of each way.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU-092

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