發(fā)布時間：2018-04-09 20:52

  本文選題：綠化　切入點：居住區(qū)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,許多城市住區(qū)以高容積率、高建筑密度、高建筑高度的“三高”模式發(fā)展,城市的熱島效應(yīng)越來越顯著,人們生活和居住的熱環(huán)境日趨惡化。同時,居住區(qū)及居住綠地的面積迅速擴大,使得居住綠地成為城市綠地系統(tǒng)中重要組成部分,并成為人工造園生態(tài)平衡系統(tǒng)中的重要一環(huán),對于整個城市熱環(huán)境的調(diào)節(jié)有著不可或缺的重要作用。創(chuàng)造良好的居住區(qū)室外熱環(huán)境成為提升城市居住區(qū)整體質(zhì)量、提高人們生活舒適度的重要條件。本文將實測與數(shù)值模擬的方法相結(jié)合,定性描述與定量研究相結(jié)合,實地研究與情景設(shè)計相結(jié)合,力求得到準確可靠的研究居住區(qū)室外熱環(huán)境的數(shù)值模擬方法,揭示不同綠化模式和植物種類對熱環(huán)境作用的作用機理,為具有氣候適應(yīng)型的居住綠地設(shè)計方法提供指引。筆者重點開展了以下研究:通過對居住區(qū)建成環(huán)境調(diào)查,明確居住區(qū)的建筑布局、建筑高度、建筑材料、綠地率、綠化布局、綠化種類等信息,為準確建模和校正提供基礎(chǔ)條件。通過對居住區(qū)的微氣候監(jiān)測,總結(jié)影響熱環(huán)境的各因子隨時間變化規(guī)律,并為數(shù)值模擬提供準確的模型信息和初始條件。研究證明建筑布局,下墊面構(gòu)成,植物類型等都會對熱環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。針對深圳氣候特點和常用植物種類對軟件數(shù)據(jù)庫進行適宜性編制。同時,根據(jù)實測數(shù)據(jù)對數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進行校驗和校核,并不斷對參數(shù)設(shè)置進行調(diào)整,最終使模擬結(jié)果達到研究所要求的范圍。經(jīng)過適宜性編制的Envi-met軟件能夠準確的描述各因素的變化規(guī)律,并在絕對值上達到研究的要求,在此基礎(chǔ)上對蔚藍海岸社區(qū)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果從整體、局部和時序上進行分析,得出相關(guān)結(jié)論�；谝陨系难芯窟^程和方法,對不同綠化情景的室外熱環(huán)境進行評估。根據(jù)一定的情景設(shè)計原則和方法,制定情景模擬方案。并通過模擬比較各個情景影響人體熱舒適的各物理參數(shù)以及人體熱舒適指標標準等效溫度值,得到不同綠化配置方式對熱環(huán)境影響作用的差異,得出喬-灌-草綠化模式和喬-草模式對人體熱舒適調(diào)節(jié)效果最佳,草地和灌-草綠化模式的調(diào)節(jié)作用較弱,在某些時刻甚至起到副作用。另外,在植物種類的選擇上,葉面積指數(shù)越大對熱環(huán)境效果越佳,以草地和灌木為主的綠化方式和選擇葉面積指數(shù)較小的喬木不利于居住區(qū)熱環(huán)境的調(diào)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the "three high" pattern of high volume ratio, high building density and high building height in many urban settlements, the urban heat island effect is becoming more and more obvious, and the thermal environment of people living and living is worsening day by day.At the same time, the area of residential area and residential green space is expanding rapidly, which makes residential green space become an important part of urban green space system and an important link in the ecological balance system of artificial gardening.It plays an indispensable role in the regulation of the whole city thermal environment.Creating a good outdoor thermal environment in residential areas is an important condition to improve the overall quality of urban residential areas and improve people's living comfort.In this paper, the methods of real measurement and numerical simulation, qualitative description and quantitative study, field research and scene design are combined to obtain accurate and reliable numerical simulation methods for studying the outdoor thermal environment of residential areas.The effects of different greening modes and plant species on the thermal environment were revealed, which provided guidance for the design of residential green space with climate adaptation.The author focuses on the following studies: through the investigation of the built environment of residential areas, the information of building layout, building height, building materials, green space rate, greening layout, types of greening, etc.Provide basic conditions for accurate modeling and calibration.By monitoring the microclimate of residential areas, the variation rules of factors affecting thermal environment with time are summarized, and the accurate model information and initial conditions are provided for numerical simulation.It has been proved that building layout, underlying surface composition and plant type will affect the thermal environment.According to the climate characteristics and plant species in Shenzhen, the suitability of the software database was compiled.At the same time, the results of numerical simulation are checked and checked according to the measured data, and the parameters are adjusted constantly, so that the simulation results reach the range required by the research.The Envi-met software developed by suitability can accurately describe the changing law of various factors and meet the requirements of research on absolute value. On this basis, the numerical simulation results of the community in the azure coast are analyzed from the whole, local and time series.Draw relevant conclusions.Based on the above research process and methods, the outdoor thermal environment of different greening scenarios was evaluated.According to certain scenario design principles and methods, the scenario simulation scheme is established.Through the simulation and comparison of the physical parameters and the equivalent temperature values of the thermal comfort index of the human body, the difference of the effect of different greening configuration on the thermal environment is obtained by comparing the physical parameters and the standard equivalent temperature values of the thermal comfort index of the human body.The results showed that the Arbor-Irrigation-Grass Greening Model and the Arbor-Grass Model had the best effect on the thermal comfort of human body, while the grassland and Irrigation-Grass Greening models had a weak effect and even had side effects at some times.In addition, in the selection of plant species, the larger the leaf area index is, the better the thermal environment effect is. The greening mode of grassland and shrubs and the selection of trees with small leaf area index are not conducive to the adjustment of thermal environment in residential areas.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU111;TU984.12

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本文編號：1728106