本文選題：變形監(jiān)測　切入點：灰色理論　出處：《長沙理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,我國的高層建筑物、各種大型橋梁工程及鐵道工程、水利水電工程等日新月異。這些大型工程空間上節(jié)約資源,生活方面提供便利,但是大型工程的建設(shè)具有其特殊性,如建筑施工工期較長、施工受自然環(huán)境影響較大、施工過程具有單向性等。因此,為保證建筑物在施工期間及投入使用后的安全性,需對建筑物進(jìn)行定期的安全監(jiān)測,以保證其變形在規(guī)范規(guī)定的變形范圍之內(nèi)。論文的主要研究工作如下：(1)概述了建筑物變形監(jiān)測技術(shù),對沉降監(jiān)測方法、沉降監(jiān)測基本要求、沉降監(jiān)測方案設(shè)計、變形監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)處理方法及觀測資料的整理進(jìn)行了探討。(2)基于建筑物監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)較少的特點,選取灰色理論進(jìn)行預(yù)測分析。結(jié)合工程實測數(shù)據(jù),針對建筑物時效變形具有一定單調(diào)性和弱隨機(jī)性的特點,利用灰色理論改進(jìn)模型,分別對兩個不同地點,具有不同地質(zhì)條件的兩棟高層建筑8期沉降觀測數(shù)據(jù)建立模型,通過分析得工程實例1和工程實例2的預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù),計算可知模型的精度級別均為1級,在一定程度上反映了建筑物的沉降趨勢。采用置信區(qū)間估計法,通過選取顯著性水平作為分界點,對工程實例2的灰色預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行安全評價,得出此預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)顯示的建筑物變形狀態(tài)在安全運(yùn)行區(qū)間內(nèi),一定程度上反映了運(yùn)行性態(tài)。(3)運(yùn)用模糊綜合評判基本原理,選取工程實例2的絕對沉降和水平位移等影響建筑物安全使用的變形作為第一層評價因素,列舉變形量和變形速率等作為第二層評價子集,建立建筑物安全評判模型,并分別針對建筑物建設(shè)6個月時、建設(shè)完成時兩種情況,從建筑物安全等級和建筑物安全綜合評分兩方面對建筑物的安全狀態(tài)進(jìn)行評判。通過分析工程現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),得出該建筑物變形處于安全可控范圍內(nèi)。論文基于建筑物安全預(yù)測及安全評價的重要性,引入了兩種評判其安全狀態(tài)的方法與理論,并將此兩種方法在實際工程案例中應(yīng)用,驗證了論文所介紹方法的實用性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and economy, China's high-rise buildings, various large-scale bridge projects and railway projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects are changing rapidly.These large-scale projects save resources in space and provide convenience in life, but the construction of large-scale projects has its particularity, such as the construction period is longer, the construction is greatly affected by the natural environment, and the construction process is unidirectional and so on.Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the building during construction and after putting into use, it is necessary to carry out regular safety monitoring to ensure that the deformation of the building is within the range of deformation specified in the code.The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) the building deformation monitoring technology, the settlement monitoring method, the basic requirements of settlement monitoring, and the design of settlement monitoring scheme are summarized.The processing method of deformation monitoring data and the arrangement of observation data are discussed. Based on the characteristics of less monitoring data of buildings, grey theory is selected for prediction and analysis.Combined with the measured data of engineering, in view of the characteristic of certain monotonicity and weak randomness of aging deformation of buildings, the grey theory is used to improve the model, and two different locations are obtained.Two high-rise buildings with different geological conditions are modeled by the settlement observation data in the 8th phase. By analyzing the prediction data of engineering case 1 and engineering case 2, it is found that the accuracy of the model is 1 grade.To some extent, it reflects the settlement trend of buildings.By using confidence interval estimation method and selecting significant level as the boundary point, the grey prediction data of engineering example 2 are evaluated, and the deformation state of the building shown by the prediction data is found to be in the safe operation zone.The basic principle of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to select the deformation affecting the safe use of buildings, such as absolute settlement and horizontal displacement of engineering example 2, as the first floor evaluation factor.In this paper, the deformation and deformation rate are listed as the second evaluation subsets, and the building safety evaluation model is established, aiming at the two situations when the building is built for 6 months and the construction is completed.The safety state of buildings is evaluated from two aspects: building safety grade and building safety comprehensive score.By analyzing the field monitoring data, it is concluded that the deformation of the building is in a safe and controllable range.Based on the importance of building safety prediction and safety evaluation, this paper introduces two methods and theories to evaluate the safety state of buildings, and applies these two methods in practical engineering cases to verify the practicability of the methods introduced in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU433

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本文編號：1723682