本文選題：空氣源熱泵　切入點：拉薩供暖　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的推進(jìn)，以拉薩為代表的西部高原城鎮(zhèn)的冬季建筑供暖問題受到社會各界的高度重視和支持，政府在“十二五”期間大力開展供暖建設(shè)。拉薩屬于高原寒冷地區(qū)，空氣干燥、太陽輻射量大、生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱、礦物能源匱乏，這些氣候、資源及環(huán)境特點要求拉薩地區(qū)的建筑供暖模式不可照搬內(nèi)地經(jīng)驗，需要找到適宜的方案。 空氣源熱泵供暖高效節(jié)能、安全環(huán)保、設(shè)備簡單，且由于拉薩冬季空氣濕度低不易受到結(jié)霜的影響，，當(dāng)?shù)卮罅抗┡椖坎捎昧丝諝庠礋岜米鳛闊嵩�。然而，高原大氣壓低、空氣密度小等因素對空氣源熱泵的運(yùn)行產(chǎn)生了不利的影響。因此，本文開展了空氣源熱泵在以拉薩為代表的高原寒冷地區(qū)的供暖應(yīng)用研究。 本文首先根據(jù)拉薩地區(qū)的氣象條件和地理特點計算了當(dāng)?shù)氐目諝馕镄詤?shù)，結(jié)合空氣源熱泵冷熱水機(jī)組蒸發(fā)器的結(jié)構(gòu)特征，分析了高原環(huán)境對蒸發(fā)器換熱性能的影響。接著介紹了結(jié)霜的途徑和判定策略，通過理論分析總結(jié)出空氣源熱泵在拉薩低濕環(huán)境下供暖運(yùn)行不易結(jié)霜。 建立了空氣源熱泵冷熱水機(jī)組及各部件的數(shù)學(xué)模型，對算法流程進(jìn)行了闡述，利用MATLAB軟件分別對空氣源熱泵模型在拉薩和平原地區(qū)的性能進(jìn)行了編程及模擬計算，并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比分析。結(jié)果表明，在不考慮結(jié)霜影響的情況下，拉薩地區(qū)熱泵制熱量、性能系數(shù)分別下降了16.2%～19.8%、9.5%～12.5%。 然后對拉薩地區(qū)某空氣源熱泵供暖工程進(jìn)行了實驗測試，分析了室外空氣溫度、出水溫度對熱泵制熱量、性能系數(shù)的影響，并將實測值與熱泵模型模擬計算值進(jìn)行對比，驗證了模型的準(zhǔn)確性和可行性。根據(jù)熱泵模型提出了拉薩地區(qū)空氣源熱泵實際制熱量高原修正系數(shù)為0.80～0.84，并將實際制熱量與位于空氣源熱泵結(jié)霜區(qū)的平原城市作比較，表明空氣源熱泵在拉薩地區(qū)制熱量大于部分低溫高濕的內(nèi)陸平原城市。 利用DeST模擬軟件計算了拉薩地區(qū)某建筑供暖期的逐時熱負(fù)荷，并對熱負(fù)荷變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析。采用負(fù)荷頻率法對幾種以空氣源熱泵為主的復(fù)合式供暖系統(tǒng)的能耗進(jìn)行了對比研究，并對其節(jié)能性和環(huán)保性進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明，空氣源熱泵+太陽能供暖系統(tǒng)在拉薩地區(qū)供暖季運(yùn)行能耗最低、環(huán)保效益最佳，適宜在拉薩供暖工程中推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the promotion of the strategy of western development, the heating problem of the western plateau towns, represented by Lhasa, is highly valued and supported by all walks of life. The government vigorously carried out heating construction during the 12th Five-Year Plan period.Lhasa is a cold plateau region with dry air, large solar radiation, fragile ecological environment, and lack of mineral energy. These climatic, resource and environmental characteristics require that the building heating model in Lhasa should not copy the experience of the interior.A suitable solution needs to be found.Air source heat pump heating is energy efficient, safe and environmental protection, simple equipment, and because the low air humidity in Lhasa winter is not easy to be affected by frost, a large number of heating projects in the local air source heat pump as a heat source.However, low atmospheric pressure and low air density have a negative effect on the operation of air source heat pump.Therefore, the application of air source heat pump in the cold plateau region represented by Lhasa is studied in this paper.Based on the meteorological conditions and geographical characteristics of Lhasa region, the physical parameters of local air are calculated, and the influence of plateau environment on the heat transfer performance of evaporator is analyzed according to the structural characteristics of evaporator of air-source heat pump unit.Then it introduces the way of frosting and the judging strategy, and concludes that the air source heat pump is not easy to frost in the low humidity environment of Lhasa by theoretical analysis.The mathematical models of air-source heat pump units and their components are established, and the algorithm flow is described. The performances of air-source heat pump models in Lhasa and plain areas are programmed and simulated by MATLAB software.The results are compared and analyzed.The results show that the heat capacity of heat pump in Lhasa area is decreased by 16.219.89.5and 12.5g, respectively, without taking into account the effect of frosting.Then an experimental test of an air-source heat pump heating project in Lhasa area was carried out, and the effects of outdoor air temperature and outlet temperature on heat pump heating capacity and performance coefficient were analyzed, and the measured values were compared with the simulated results of heat pump model.The accuracy and feasibility of the model are verified.Based on the heat pump model, the plateau correction coefficient of the actual heating capacity of air-source heat pump in Lhasa is put forward to be 0.800.84, and the actual heating capacity is compared with that of the plain city in the frost-forming area of air-source heat pump.The results show that the heating capacity of air source heat pump in Lhasa is higher than that in some inland plain cities with low temperature and high humidity.The hourly heat load of a building in Lhasa area during heating period was calculated by using DeST software, and the variation law of heat load was analyzed.The energy consumption of several hybrid heating systems with air source heat pump is studied by using load frequency method, and its energy saving and environmental protection are analyzed.The results show that the air source heat pump solar heating system has the lowest energy consumption and the best environmental benefit in the heating season in Lhasa, which is suitable for popularization and application in Lhasa heating engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU83

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