本文選題：魯西北　切入點(diǎn)：民居建筑　出處：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：魯西北民居受自然環(huán)境、文化背景、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)等因素影響,形成了適應(yīng)北方平原環(huán)境、融合黃河與運(yùn)河文化、形成以自然適應(yīng)性為基礎(chǔ)、社會(huì)適應(yīng)性為動(dòng)力、文化適應(yīng)性為核心內(nèi)容的的獨(dú)特的民居建筑形式和文化內(nèi)涵。 本文通過(guò)整合相關(guān)領(lǐng)域歷史資料和前人研究成果,通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)研獲得數(shù)據(jù),從村落聚居、民居建造材料技術(shù)、民居采光與通風(fēng)等方面分析了魯西北地區(qū)民居建筑的技術(shù)特性。在總結(jié)魯西北民居獨(dú)特的地域技術(shù)特征和文化時(shí)代精神的基礎(chǔ)上挖掘魯西北地區(qū)民居建筑的人文藝術(shù)品格,以魯西北文化為面,以文化交流方式為線(xiàn),以典型建筑作品為點(diǎn),“點(diǎn)-線(xiàn)-面”結(jié)合形成整體系統(tǒng)的研究方法。 “建筑是文化的現(xiàn)象,也是文化的載體�！盵1]分析和研究魯西北地區(qū)文化精神內(nèi)涵是深入探討該地區(qū)建筑審美文化的基本條件,筆者結(jié)合魯西北文化背景從價(jià)值取向、社會(huì)心理、思維方式和審美理想四個(gè)層面探討了魯西北地區(qū)文化的基本精神�？偨Y(jié)出魯西北地區(qū)以黃河文化為底本,經(jīng)過(guò)運(yùn)河文化、中西文化的影響形成了具有南北交融,中西結(jié)合的文化類(lèi)型,呈現(xiàn)出多元化、原生態(tài)、整體性的文化特征。 自古以來(lái),魯西北生土民居中蘊(yùn)含的自然而樸素的氣候觀(guān)念和建造技術(shù)是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用耥槕?yīng)自然、利用自然的產(chǎn)物。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng),人們的生活水平提高,魯西北生土民居的建筑材料,正在由土、草、麥秸變成磚、石灰、水泥,進(jìn)而向鋼筋混凝土發(fā)展,目前數(shù)量減少面臨消失。本文著重介紹了魯西北地區(qū)生土民居的地域性特點(diǎn),并對(duì)生土民居保護(hù)與利用提出了自己的建議。 作為魯西北平原的主要城市,德州、聊城、濱州民居具有典型的北方平原民居特點(diǎn),京杭大運(yùn)河開(kāi)通之后,德州、臨清、聊城又成為重要的碼頭城市,從而使整個(gè)地區(qū)的民居形式受到了運(yùn)河文化帶來(lái)的影響,形成了具有明顯運(yùn)河文化痕跡的北方民居形式。本文結(jié)合建筑案例分析了明清時(shí)期德州、聊城和臨清的城市民居,采用整體分析的方法,并從聚落形式、院落布局、建筑形式等方面系統(tǒng)整合了運(yùn)河沿岸地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)民居的特點(diǎn),并針對(duì)該地區(qū)民居形式的傳承與保護(hù)提出了建議。 在實(shí)地調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)魯西北地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村新民居文化尚未形成,城市與鄉(xiāng)村的趨同現(xiàn)象。魯西北鄉(xiāng)村由于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式和生活習(xí)慣的改變使鄉(xiāng)村中心地帶出現(xiàn)空置率高、文化內(nèi)涵缺失的情況。本文在整合分析傳統(tǒng)民居的空間形態(tài)及文化內(nèi)涵,寄希望于在在魯西北新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中,以地域人文品格的民眾心理、思維方式、審美理想和價(jià)值取向?yàn)槌霭l(fā)點(diǎn),結(jié)合本土的環(huán)境因素與社會(huì)文化,以改善人的居住、活動(dòng)的環(huán)境空間為根本目的去尋找適合魯西北新農(nóng)村發(fā)展實(shí)踐的道路。
[Abstract]:Affected by natural environment, cultural background, economic base and so on, the residential houses in northwest Shandong are formed to adapt to the environment of the North Plain, merge the culture of the Yellow River and Canal, and form the natural adaptability as the foundation and the social adaptability as the motive force. Cultural adaptability as the core content of the unique residential building form and cultural connotation. In this paper, through the integration of related historical data and previous research results, through field research to obtain data, from village settlements, residential construction materials technology, This paper analyzes the technical characteristics of residential buildings in Northwest Shandong from the aspects of lighting and ventilation, and excavates the humanistic and artistic character of residential buildings in Northwest Shandong on the basis of summing up the unique regional technical characteristics and the spirit of cultural epoch. Taking the culture of northwest Shandong as the face, taking the cultural exchange as the line and the typical architectural works as the point, the research method of "dot-line-plane" is combined to form the whole system. "Architecture is not only a cultural phenomenon but also a carrier of culture." [1] analyzing and studying the cultural spirit connotation of Northwest Shandong is the basic condition of deeply discussing the aesthetic culture of architecture in this region. The author combines the cultural background of Northwest Shandong with the value orientation, social psychology, and social psychology. Four levels of thinking mode and aesthetic ideal discuss the basic spirit of culture in northwestern Shandong. It is concluded that northwest Shandong takes the Yellow River culture as its base, and the influence of Chinese and western cultures has formed a mixture of north and south through canal culture. The cultural types of the combination of China and the West show the cultural characteristics of diversity, original ecology and integrity. Since ancient times, the natural and simple climate concept and construction technology contained in the native dwelling houses in northwest Shandong are the products of local residents adapting to nature and utilizing nature. With the economic growth, people's living standards have improved. The building materials of native soil houses in northwest Shandong are changing from soil, grass, wheat straw to brick, lime, cement, and then to reinforced concrete. At the same time, the author puts forward his own suggestions on the protection and utilization of native dwellings. As the main cities in the northwest plain of Shandong, Dezhou, Liaocheng and Binzhou are typical northern plain houses. After the opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Texas, Linqing and Liaocheng became important wharf cities. As a result, the residential forms of the whole area are influenced by the canal culture, and the northern folk houses with obvious traces of canal culture are formed. This paper analyzes the urban houses of Texas, Liaocheng and Linqing in Ming and Qing dynasties with architectural cases. By using the method of overall analysis, this paper systematically integrates the characteristics of traditional residential buildings along the canal coast from the aspects of settlement form, yard layout and architectural form, and puts forward some suggestions for the inheritance and protection of residential forms in this area. On the basis of field investigation, the author found that the culture of new rural houses in northwest Shandong has not yet been formed. Due to the change of economic growth mode and living habits, the vacancy rate in the rural center of rural areas is high. This paper analyzes the spatial form and cultural connotation of traditional residential buildings, and hopes that in the construction of the new rural areas in Northwest Shandong Province, the people's psychology and thinking mode of the regional humanistic character will be used in the process of integrating and analyzing the spatial forms and cultural connotations of the traditional houses. Aesthetic ideal and value orientation as the starting point, combined with the local environmental factors and social culture, in order to improve people's living, the basic purpose of the environmental space of activities to find a suitable way for the development of the new rural areas in Northwest Shandong.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU241.5;TU-05

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