本文選題：駕駛室　切入點(diǎn)：聲振耦合　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)現(xiàn)代工程機(jī)械向著大型化、復(fù)雜化、和高功率化方向迅猛發(fā)展,由此產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題也日漸突出。裝載機(jī)作為一種廣泛應(yīng)用的大功率工程機(jī)械,其駕駛室室內(nèi)聲場(chǎng)環(huán)境的優(yōu)劣越來(lái)越受到人們的重視,有效降低室內(nèi)噪聲對(duì)于改善人機(jī)環(huán)境具有重要意義。本文依托裝載機(jī)低噪聲改進(jìn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究課題,以某輪式裝載機(jī)駕駛室為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)仿真分析及實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試等手段,對(duì)駕駛室振動(dòng)噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、聲振耦合特性、振動(dòng)特性及室內(nèi)聲場(chǎng)、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了深入研究,為低噪聲駕駛室優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了技術(shù)路線(xiàn),有效降低了室內(nèi)噪聲水平,改善了聲場(chǎng)環(huán)境。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:本文首先基于某型輪式裝載機(jī)駕駛室建立駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模型、室內(nèi)聲腔有限元模型,通過(guò)節(jié)點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)構(gòu)建聲振耦合有限元模型,分別仿真計(jì)算結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)、聲腔模態(tài)及聲振耦合模態(tài),并對(duì)駕駛室聲振耦合特性進(jìn)行分析;基于結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)與聲振耦合模態(tài)相關(guān)性參與因子,研究聲腔與結(jié)構(gòu)的相互作用;采用單激勵(lì)多響應(yīng)法進(jìn)行模態(tài)試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證所建聲振耦合模型的準(zhǔn)確性,為進(jìn)一步分析研究提供模型基礎(chǔ)。準(zhǔn)確建立聲振耦合模型后,本文實(shí)測(cè)典型工況下駕駛室懸置后激勵(lì)信號(hào),作為聲振耦合模型的激勵(lì)輸入,采用模態(tài)疊加法進(jìn)行頻率響應(yīng)分析,研究駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于激勵(lì)的振動(dòng)特性;將振動(dòng)響應(yīng)結(jié)果作為聲學(xué)計(jì)算的邊界條件,采用聲學(xué)有限元法對(duì)駕駛員人耳處聲壓進(jìn)行虛擬預(yù)測(cè),并基于預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果對(duì)駕駛室聲場(chǎng)特性進(jìn)行分析。為了表征駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu)與聲腔的共振特性及對(duì)于能量輸入的縮放效果,本文進(jìn)行駕駛室聲學(xué)靈敏度分析,同時(shí)為板件貢獻(xiàn)度分析及結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供參考目標(biāo)頻率;確定關(guān)鍵分析目標(biāo)頻率,采用聲傳遞向量法進(jìn)行板件貢獻(xiàn)度分析,找到引起關(guān)鍵頻率噪聲峰值的主要結(jié)構(gòu)板件,為結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供有效優(yōu)化區(qū)域。在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文分析駕駛室工作典型工況,結(jié)合聲學(xué)靈敏度分析及聲壓虛擬預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果確定柔度及頻率等優(yōu)化目標(biāo),采用折衷規(guī)劃法和平均頻率法,將駕駛室靜態(tài)整體剛度和多階目標(biāo)頻率歸一為Euclidean距離的多目標(biāo)函數(shù),以自由起肋形式對(duì)駕駛室進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)形貌優(yōu)化,有效避免了單頻優(yōu)化頻率震蕩現(xiàn)象,得到整體優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的Pareto最優(yōu)解;同時(shí)基于實(shí)際制造及沖壓工藝,結(jié)合板件貢獻(xiàn)度分析結(jié)果,以直線(xiàn)型肋板定義約束類(lèi)型,對(duì)特定板件進(jìn)行形貌優(yōu)化;分別對(duì)優(yōu)化模型進(jìn)行修正施加相同邊界條件并進(jìn)行二次聲壓虛擬預(yù)測(cè),結(jié)果表明結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化有效降低了駕駛室室內(nèi)噪聲,改善了聲場(chǎng)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern construction machinery in China in the direction of large scale, complexity and high power, the vibration and noise problems are becoming more and more prominent. As a kind of high power construction machinery, loader is widely used. More and more attention has been paid to the indoor sound field environment in the cab, and it is important to reduce the indoor noise effectively for the improvement of man-machine environment. Taking the cab of a wheeled loader as the research object, the mechanism of vibration and noise generation, the coupling characteristics of sound and vibration, the indoor sound field and the structure optimization of the cab are deeply studied by means of simulation analysis and experimental test. This paper provides a technical route for the optimization design of low-noise cab, effectively reduces the level of indoor noise and improves the sound field environment. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, the finite element model of cab structure is established based on the cab of a wheeled loader. The finite element model of indoor acoustic cavity is constructed by the connection of nodes, and the structural mode, cavity mode and acousto-vibration coupling mode are simulated and calculated respectively, and the acoustic and vibration coupling characteristics of the cab are analyzed. The interaction between the cavity and the structure is studied based on the participation factor of the correlation between the structural modes and the acoustic-vibration coupling modes, and the modal test is carried out by using the single-excitation multi-response method to verify the accuracy of the proposed acousto-vibration coupling model. After the accurate establishment of the acousto-vibration coupling model, the excitation signal of the cab mounted under typical conditions is measured in this paper. As the excitation input of the acousto-vibration coupling model, the modal superposition method is used to analyze the frequency response. The vibration characteristics of cab structure to excitation are studied, the vibration response result is taken as the boundary condition of acoustic calculation, and the acoustic finite element method is used to simulate the sound pressure at the driver's ear. The acoustic field characteristics of the cab are analyzed based on the predicted results. In order to characterize the resonance characteristics of the cab structure and the cavity and the scaling effect of the energy input, the acoustic sensitivity analysis of the cab is carried out in this paper. At the same time, it provides the reference target frequency for the contribution degree analysis and structure optimization of the plate, determines the target frequency of the key analysis, uses the acoustic transfer vector method to analyze the contribution degree of the plate, and finds out the main structural plate that causes the peak noise of the key frequency. On the basis of the above research, this paper analyzes the typical operating conditions of the cab, and determines the optimization objectives such as flexibility and frequency by combining the acoustic sensitivity analysis and the virtual prediction of sound pressure. By using the tradeoff programming method and the average frequency method, the static overall stiffness and the multi-order target frequency of the cab are normalized into a multi-objective function of the Euclidean distance, and the multi-objective topography of the cab is optimized by the form of free ribbed. The single frequency optimal frequency oscillation is avoided effectively and the Pareto optimal solution of the whole optimization goal is obtained. At the same time, based on the actual manufacturing and stamping process and the analysis results of the contribution of the plate, the constraint type is defined by the linear ribbed plate. The shape of the plate is optimized and the optimization model is modified with the same boundary condition and the secondary sound pressure is predicted. The results show that the structure optimization can effectively reduce the cab interior noise and improve the sound field environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH243

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