本文選題：液壓挖掘機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：工作裝置　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：大型液壓挖掘機(jī)是一種大斗容土石方施工設(shè)備,廣泛應(yīng)用于礦山開采及大型工程建設(shè)。由于作業(yè)過程中挖掘工況的多變性導(dǎo)致工作裝置受力復(fù)雜,影響整機(jī)性能的發(fā)揮。本文針對(duì)此問題,以70T大型液壓挖掘機(jī)為樣機(jī),建立挖掘機(jī)的虛擬樣機(jī)模型,分析作業(yè)過程中工作裝置挖掘力及鉸點(diǎn)受力的變化,并進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,以提高挖掘機(jī)綜合作業(yè)性能。主要工作如下： 運(yùn)用D-H法建立工作裝置運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,結(jié)合工作裝置各機(jī)構(gòu)之間的位置關(guān)系,得到各機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)比關(guān)系式,建立整機(jī)理論挖掘力的計(jì)算模型。 在Inventor及ADAMS平臺(tái)中建立挖掘機(jī)動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真模型,分析整機(jī)理論挖掘力的變化特性及其發(fā)揮限制因素所占比重,找出工作裝置發(fā)揮最大挖掘力時(shí)的位姿。在鏟斗齒尖加載挖掘阻力,模擬斗桿及鏟斗挖掘動(dòng)作,仿真得到工作裝置各鉸點(diǎn)的受力變化曲線,對(duì)挖掘機(jī)工作裝置力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),為進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化鉸點(diǎn)位置提供參考。 以鏟斗、斗桿理論挖掘力及動(dòng)臂提升力為目標(biāo)函數(shù)優(yōu)化工作裝置鉸點(diǎn)位置。優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明,在小范圍內(nèi)調(diào)整鉸點(diǎn)位置可有效改善鉸點(diǎn)的受力狀況,同時(shí)提高挖掘機(jī)的作業(yè)范圍。 通過測(cè)試挖掘機(jī)實(shí)挖過程中液壓缸大小腔壓力以及活塞桿位移數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)過換算得到活塞桿作用力曲線,間接計(jì)算出鏟斗齒尖挖掘阻力,驗(yàn)證仿真計(jì)算模型的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:Large hydraulic excavator is a kind of construction equipment of large bucket and rock, which is widely used in mining and construction of large scale projects. Because of the variability of excavating conditions during operation, the force of the working device is complicated. In order to solve this problem, this paper takes 70T large hydraulic excavator as prototype, establishes the virtual prototype model of excavator, analyzes the variation of excavating force and hinge force in the working process, and optimizes the mechanism. To improve the comprehensive performance of excavators. The main work is as follows:. The kinematics model of the working device is established by using D-H method. Combined with the position relation of each mechanism of the working device, the formula of the transmission ratio of each mechanism is obtained, and the calculating model of the excavating force of the whole machine theory is established. The dynamic simulation model of excavator is established on the platform of Inventor and ADAMS, and the variation characteristics of theoretical excavating force and the proportion of limiting factors are analyzed. Find out the position and posture of the working device when it exerts the maximum excavating force. Load the excavating resistance at the tip of the bucket tooth, simulate the excavating action of the bucket rod and bucket, and simulate the changing curve of the force at each hinge point of the working device. The mechanical properties of the excavator's working device are evaluated, which provides a reference for further optimization of the hinge position. The theoretical excavating force and lifting force of bucket and bucket bar are taken as objective functions to optimize the position of hinge point of working device. The optimization results show that adjusting the position of hinge point in a small range can effectively improve the stress condition of hinge point. At the same time, the working range of excavator is improved. By testing the pressure of hydraulic cylinder and displacement data of piston rod in the process of excavator, the force curve of piston rod is obtained by conversion, and the digging resistance of bucket tooth tip is calculated indirectly, and the accuracy of simulation calculation model is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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