本文選題：綠色建筑小區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：低影響開發(fā)　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人為活動(dòng)的增加及城市化的迅速發(fā)展，原有的水文循環(huán)遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。綠地被屋面、道路、廣場(chǎng)等不透水面替代，由此引發(fā)了一系列生態(tài)問題，主要表現(xiàn)為洪澇災(zāi)害、徑流水體污染、生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞、城市熱島效應(yīng)及城市地下水位下降等。雨水是水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，對(duì)水資源的調(diào)節(jié)補(bǔ)充、生態(tài)環(huán)境的改變起著關(guān)鍵作用。雨水的適當(dāng)處理，已成為世界各國普遍關(guān)心的問題。低影響開發(fā)是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)通過源頭分散的小型控制設(shè)施，維持和保護(hù)場(chǎng)地自然水文功能、有效緩解不透水面積增加造成的洪峰流量增加、徑流系數(shù)增大、面源污染負(fù)荷加重的城市雨水管理理念。低影響開發(fā)主要通過生物滯留、屋頂綠化、植被淺溝、透水鋪裝等措施來維持開發(fā)前原有水文條件，控制徑流污染，減少污染排放，實(shí)現(xiàn)開發(fā)區(qū)域的可持續(xù)水循環(huán)。 基于低影響開發(fā)基本原理，結(jié)合地形特點(diǎn)，發(fā)明了一種新型的兩級(jí)階梯式綠地截緩徑流技術(shù)，并由此在深圳市某綠色建筑小區(qū)展開了中試研究。研究了在道路、廣場(chǎng)和屋頂三種下墊面不同組合的六場(chǎng)降雨下，裝置對(duì)徑流水質(zhì)、水量及污染物總量的控制效能，得出的主要結(jié)論如下： ①各下墊面徑流水質(zhì)的研究表明：隨著降雨的進(jìn)行，徑流各污染物的濃度呈下降趨勢(shì)，且前期下降迅速，后期平緩。徑流后期水質(zhì)滿足《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(BG3838-2002)Ⅴ類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。TP、TN、NH3-N、NO3-N與SS、COD且SS與COD相關(guān)性均良好，說明在各種下墊面中，SS作為主要污染物之一，明顯影響著徑流中其它污染物的含量，且其他污染物指標(biāo)與COD存在相似的沖刷特性。 ②階梯式綠地截緩徑流試驗(yàn)裝置對(duì)徑流污染物的控制研究表明：裝置溢流出水對(duì)各污染物的去除均出現(xiàn)負(fù)值，可能是由于進(jìn)水水質(zhì)較好，且水力停留時(shí)間短，裝置表層植物和土壤釋放了一定的污染物。而滲透出水的各污染物均有一定的去除，但NH3-N和NO3-N去除率較低，可能是由于裝置內(nèi)部不具備硝化與反硝化發(fā)生的條件，且裝置尚未穩(wěn)定，發(fā)生了淋溶效應(yīng)。 ③階梯式綠地截緩徑流試驗(yàn)裝置的雨洪控制研究表明：裝置對(duì)徑流洪峰的延遲時(shí)間為10～50min，洪峰削減率為7.93%～73.79%，徑流體積削減率為23.31%～93.55%。對(duì)于降雨強(qiáng)度大且歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)的降雨，裝置的水量控制作用不明顯；對(duì)于雙峰型降雨，裝置的洪峰延遲效果十分顯著。即對(duì)于不同雨型，徑流總量相等時(shí)，降雨洪峰越靠前，裝置的洪峰控制效果越好。雖然裝置溢流對(duì)各污染物的去除率為負(fù)值，但由于裝置對(duì)徑流水量的削減作用，各污染物總量均得到一定的削減。 ④階梯式綠地截緩徑流技術(shù)應(yīng)用的研究表明：在不同重現(xiàn)期、不同服務(wù)面積比情況下，裝置對(duì)徑流水量的削減量與服務(wù)面積無關(guān)，由暴雨強(qiáng)度決定。同一重現(xiàn)期，服務(wù)面積比越大，洪峰削減率越小，，但洪峰削減量越大；同一服務(wù)面積比，重現(xiàn)期越大，洪峰削減率越小。 提出了階梯式綠地截緩徑流裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及設(shè)計(jì)原則，提供了相關(guān)參考設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。對(duì)該裝置的研究結(jié)果，將為該技術(shù)在雨洪控制技術(shù)的研究提供理論依據(jù)，為該技術(shù)在適宜地區(qū)的應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)，具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of city and the increase of human activities, hydrological cycle was severely damaged. The original green roof, road, square, impervious surface replacement, which triggered a series of ecological problems, mainly for flood runoff, water pollution, ecological environment destruction, the underground water level and the decline of urban heat island effect city. The rain is an important link in water circulation system, supplementary regulation on water resources, ecological environment change plays a key role. The proper processing of the rain, has become an international problem. Low impact development is an emphasis on small control facilities through the source of dispersion, maintain and protect the site of natural hydrological function the peak flow effectively alleviate the increase caused by increasing impervious area, the runoff coefficient increases, non-point source pollution load of city rainwater management concept of low impact development mainly through biological. Such measures as detention, roof greening, shallow vegetation drainage and permeable pavement are adopted to maintain the original hydrological conditions before development, control runoff pollution, reduce pollution discharge and achieve sustainable water cycle in the development area.
Low impact development based on the basic principle, combined with the terrain characteristics, developed a two tier green new section slow runoff technology, and thus in a green building district in Shenzhen city launched a pilot study. On the road, six rainfall and three kinds of different square roof surface under a combined device the runoff water quality, water and pollutant total control efficiency, the main conclusions are as follows:
Study on the surface runoff water quality showed that: with the rainfall, the pollutant concentration of runoff decreased, and decreased in the early stage of rapid anaphase. Late runoff water meets the "environmental quality standard for surface water" (BG3838-2002) standard class V.TP, TN, NH3-N, NO3-N and SS, the correlation between COD and SS and COD are good, in a variety of underlying surface, SS as one of the major pollutants, significantly affect the content of pollutants in runoff, and other pollutants and COD are scouring characteristics similar.
The ladder slowly cut green test device to study the control of runoff runoff pollutants showed that the removal of the organic pollutants in the effluent overflow device are negative, may be due to better water quality, and the hydraulic retention time is short, the surface device of plant and soil release certain pollutants. The removal of various pollutants and had the permeate water the NH3-N and NO3-N, but the removal rate is relatively low, probably due to the internal device does not have the conditions of nitrification and denitrification, and the device is not yet stable, the leaching effect.
Rain and flood control research of stepped green cutting corrosion test device shows that the runoff time delay device of runoff is 10 ~ 50min, the flood discharge rate is 7.93% ~ 73.79%, the diameter of fluid product cut rate is 23.31% ~ 93.55%. for the rainfall intensity and rainfall duration, water control device is not obvious; for Shuangfeng rainfall, the peak delay device, the effect is very significant. For the different rainfall runoff, the total quantity of rainfall, flood front, the better control effect. Although the peak device device of overflow on the pollutants removal rate is negative, but because the cutting action of the device to the volume of runoff, the total amount of pollutants were some of the cuts.
The study of green corrosion section ladder technology show that the application of runoff in different return period, different service area ratio, device for water runoff reduction and service area, decided by the rainfall intensity. The same return period, the service area is bigger, the flood discharge rate is small, but the peak reduction the greater; the same service area ratio, the greater the return period, the flood discharge rate is small.
The structure design and design of ladder type green cutting device slow runoff principle, provides reference for the design parameters. The results of the device, will provide a theoretical basis for the technology in the research on stormwater control technology, lay the foundation for the application of the technology in suitable areas, it has important practical significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU992

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