本文選題：北江流域　切入點(diǎn)：水源水質(zhì)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來，我國水源地污染事件時有發(fā)生，飲用水安全問題越來越引起人們的關(guān)注。北江流域大部分在廣東省境內(nèi)，流經(jīng)的韶關(guān)、清遠(yuǎn)、佛山三市都將其作為水源水，而流經(jīng)區(qū)域人口密度較大，工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)，廠礦眾多，極易發(fā)生水源水污染事故。因此，本課題旨在對北江流域存在的風(fēng)險源進(jìn)行識別，在此基礎(chǔ)上給出應(yīng)急處理技術(shù)，并為水質(zhì)預(yù)警體系的優(yōu)化提出建議。 北江流域是珠江的第二大水系，通過對北江水廠、西南水廠、沙口水廠水源水水質(zhì)指標(biāo)分析，北江水源水溫度隨季節(jié)變化，pH值基本都在7.2-8.2之間，氨氮濃度基本都在1mg/L以下，硝酸鹽氮含量在2.5mg/L以下，溶解氧的變化范圍在6-11mg/L，原水高錳酸鹽指數(shù)月平均在2mg/L左右，且大部分時間里都穩(wěn)定在1-2.5mg/L，根據(jù)地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，北江流域水源水水質(zhì)基本符合Ⅱ類水體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 為了防范于未然，將污染控制在搖籃中，本文對北江流域周圍的污染源進(jìn)行了調(diào)研。根據(jù)污染事故的污染特征，將污染源分為固定源污染、移動源污染、流域源污染、自然災(zāi)害源污染四類進(jìn)行概述。固定源污染主要為金屬制造業(yè)、陶瓷業(yè)、紡織業(yè)等工業(yè)排放的生產(chǎn)廢水；移動源污染主要是由交通事故和承載原材料的船只發(fā)生事故引起的；流域源污染包括居民生活污染和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)污染；自然災(zāi)害源是因所處地理位置，暴雨、地震等自然災(zāi)害造成的污染。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合水廠歷史性污染事故，北江流域面臨石油類污染、重金屬污染、有機(jī)物污染等多種污染形式。 對地表水源水構(gòu)建水質(zhì)預(yù)警體系是對水質(zhì)污染最好的預(yù)防措施。分析研究了北江流域現(xiàn)有的水質(zhì)預(yù)警體系，分別從監(jiān)測指標(biāo)、監(jiān)測點(diǎn)和監(jiān)測技術(shù)上給出了優(yōu)化建議。并且建議采取三級聯(lián)動監(jiān)測體系：即在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、移動快速監(jiān)測和實驗室檢測系統(tǒng)。 分析水廠常規(guī)處理工藝效果，在現(xiàn)有工藝的基礎(chǔ)上給出了面對突發(fā)苯酚污染的應(yīng)急處理技術(shù)，并將總結(jié)的風(fēng)險源污染物根據(jù)應(yīng)急處理技術(shù)進(jìn)行劃分。低苯酚濃度（0.1mg/L）投加40mg/L的粉末活性炭，0.2mg/L的苯酚含量時采取投加40mg/L粉末活性炭+0.4mg/L高錳酸鉀，而苯酚濃度0.5mg/L的情況下，投加50mg/L粉末活性炭+0.4mg/L高錳酸鉀進(jìn)行處理，，出水的苯酚含量和臭強(qiáng)就可以滿足生活飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, water source pollution incidents have occurred from time to time in China, and the issue of drinking water safety has attracted more and more attention. Most of the Beijiang Valley is in Guangdong Province, and the three cities of Shaoguan, Qingyuan and Foshan use it as the source water. However, because of the large population density, the developed industry and agriculture, the numerous factories and mines, the water pollution accident is easy to occur. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to identify the risk sources in the Beijiang River Basin, and on this basis, to give the emergency treatment technology. Suggestions for the optimization of water quality early warning system are put forward. The Beijiang River Basin is the second largest water system in the Pearl River. By analyzing the water quality indexes of the source water of Beijiang Waterworks, Southwest Waterworks and Shakou Waterworks, it is found that the temperature of the source water in Beijiang basically varies from 7.2-8.2 with the seasonal variation of pH value, and the concentration of ammonia and nitrogen is basically below 1 mg / L. The nitrate nitrogen content is below 2.5 mg / L, the dissolved oxygen varies from 6 to 11 mg / L, the average monthly permanganate index of raw water is about 2 mg / L, and it is stable at 1 to 2.5 mg / L for most of the time, according to the environmental quality standard of surface water. The water quality of the source water in the Beijiang River Basin basically conforms to the class 鈪

本文編號：1639971