發(fā)布時間：2018-03-20 15:14

  本文選題：木構(gòu)架建筑　切入點：秦氏舊宅　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)木構(gòu)架建筑是指以木構(gòu)架為主體承重結(jié)構(gòu)，土或磚墻做圍護(hù)與分隔結(jié)構(gòu)的一類建筑物。這類建筑是中國古建筑的一種主要結(jié)構(gòu)形式，歷史悠久、體系獨特，具有材性優(yōu)良、取材方便、形式多樣、加工方便、造價經(jīng)濟(jì)等顯著優(yōu)點，與中國傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)根文化、自給自足的思想意識及生活方式相契合，在我國的傳統(tǒng)民居建筑中應(yīng)用極為廣泛。木構(gòu)架建筑獨特的建筑風(fēng)格與設(shè)計手法也體現(xiàn)了中華民族的偉大智慧，是我國悠久文化遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分。 傳統(tǒng)木構(gòu)架建筑雖然具有諸多優(yōu)勢，但大多數(shù)建筑建造時代久遠(yuǎn)，建筑材料在長期的環(huán)境侵蝕下耐久性大大衰減，而且傳統(tǒng)民居多由當(dāng)?shù)毓そ硲{借經(jīng)驗修建，沒有完整的設(shè)計圖紙與相關(guān)單位監(jiān)管質(zhì)量安全，其結(jié)構(gòu)本身存在不合理的地方，，導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)民居均出現(xiàn)不同程度的損壞。目前，新農(nóng)村建設(shè)快速發(fā)展，新材料、新技術(shù)不斷引進(jìn)，人們的生活質(zhì)量不斷提高，棄舊遷新，使大量傳統(tǒng)民居處于無人管理或不斷破壞的狀態(tài)，因此對它們的保護(hù)迫在眉睫。 為了從結(jié)構(gòu)安全性角度指導(dǎo)傳統(tǒng)民居的保護(hù)與修繕，傳承鄉(xiāng)土文物建筑的營造工藝，本課題組基于國家“十二五”科技支撐計劃課題（2013BAL01B04）的支持，并在河南省滎陽市文物保護(hù)中心的委托下，對豫中地區(qū)的一處典型古民居宅院秦氏舊宅進(jìn)行實地調(diào)研與維修設(shè)計。本文選擇秦氏舊宅的廳堂為研究對象，對其結(jié)構(gòu)特點進(jìn)行理論分析與有限元數(shù)值模擬，得到結(jié)構(gòu)在不同工況下的變形規(guī)律及受力特點，探討了結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)性能，分析了結(jié)構(gòu)的薄弱部位，并簡單提出修繕方法。具體研究工作如下： （1）通過測繪、訪談、拍照等對方式對秦氏舊宅實地調(diào)研，獲得該宅院的全面資料。針對秦氏舊宅廳堂木構(gòu)架體系的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，本文從結(jié)構(gòu)形式、構(gòu)造做法、殘損現(xiàn)狀等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述，并從力學(xué)角度做簡單理論分析，探討其構(gòu)成的科學(xué)性與合理性。 （2）根據(jù)秦氏舊宅廳堂的實測數(shù)據(jù)，利用梁單元及半剛性單元建立三維整體有限元模型。在自重及雪荷載作用工況下對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行靜力分析。結(jié)果表明，端屋架易發(fā)生歪閃，檁條、明間金柱及七架梁是受力關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件，梁柱節(jié)點、檁條跨中、檁條與梁架搭接處、檁條與檁條搭接處為薄弱部位，易出現(xiàn)劈裂、彎垂、拔榫、外滾等現(xiàn)象，失效時直接影響結(jié)構(gòu)的安全可靠。 （3）為得到廳堂木構(gòu)架的固有振動特性及動力參數(shù)，本文對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析。分析結(jié)果表明，結(jié)構(gòu)第1振型頻率為0.4733Hz，基本周期2.1127s，體現(xiàn)木結(jié)構(gòu)的長周期特性；結(jié)構(gòu)縱向剛度比橫向剛度較弱，應(yīng)予以加強(qiáng)。 （4）本文建立對比模型探討了節(jié)點剛度、屋面剛度對結(jié)構(gòu)振動模態(tài)的影響，結(jié)果表明節(jié)點剛度對結(jié)構(gòu)振動模態(tài)影響顯著，尤其是對第1階振型，加強(qiáng)檁條間的榫卯連接對縱向剛度加強(qiáng)效果明顯；而廳堂屋面本身剛度較大，變更其屋面剛度對結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)影響很小。 （5）為研究木構(gòu)架的抗震能力，本文采用完全瞬態(tài)分析法對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了時程分析。結(jié)果表明，在罕遇地震作用下，梁架位移較大，隨著梁架層高度的增加，梁架位移峰值隨之增大，檐步舉架較高于一般做法，導(dǎo)致抱頭梁與七架梁層間位移較大，該部位易發(fā)生拔榫現(xiàn)象。 （6）各層梁架在罕遇地震作用下的加速度響應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為：加速度峰值隨著梁架層高度的增加有減小的趨勢；梁架層層間動力放大系數(shù)均在1左右，榫卯連接起到耗能減震的作用，其中七架梁層耗能效果最為顯著。
[Abstract]:The traditional wooden frame construction refers to the wooden structure as the main load-bearing structure, soil or brick as a building envelope and partition structure. This kind of building is a main structural form, Chinese ancient architecture has a long history, unique system, have fine material, convenient form, convenient processing, significant advantages the economic cost, and agricultural China root culture tradition, ideology and lifestyle self-sufficient fit in China's traditional residential architecture is widely used. The wood frame building unique architectural style and design style also reflects the great wisdom of the Chinese nation, is an important part of China's long cultural heritage.
Although the traditional wooden frame building has many advantages, but most of the buildings built a long time, the durability of building materials in the environment under the long-term erosion greatly attenuated, and the traditional residential houses built by local craftsmen by virtue of experience, no regulatory quality of design drawings and related units complete safety, the structure unreasonable, leading to the existing traditional houses were damaged to some extent. At present, the new rural construction rapid development, new materials, new technologies are constantly introduced, and constantly improve people's quality of life, the old move, so that a large number of traditional houses in unattended state or destruction, so their protection is imminent.
In order to protect and repair from the structure angle of the safety guidance of traditional houses, construction techniques and inheritance of local heritage buildings, the research group of "12th Five-Year" National Science and technology support program (2013BAL01B04) based on the support, and commissioned by the Xingyang city of Henan Province cultural relics protection center, the Henan region of a typical ancient residence the house of Qin's old house to conduct field research and repair design. This paper chooses Qin's palace hall as the research object, by theoretical analysis and finite element numerical simulation of the structure, characteristics and deformation law of structure under different conditions, the structure performance of the structure of the analysis, the weak parts of the structure, simple repair methods. And put forward the main research work is as follows:
(1) through mapping, interviews, photographs and other on the way of Qin's old house investigation, obtain comprehensive information on the house. In the light of the structural features of Qin's old dwelling hall timber frame system, this article from the structure form, structure, detail the damaged condition, and from the view of mechanics of simple theoretical analysis, discussion the composition of science and rationality.
(2) according to the measured data of Qin's old dwelling hall, establish three-dimensional finite element model using beam element and semi rigid element. Under the gravity and snow load under the condition of static analysis of the structure. The results show that the end of roof prone crooked flash, purlin, Ming Kim and seven frame beam is the key component of force, beam column joints, cross beam purlin, purlin and lap joint for purlin purlin and weak parts, prone to splitting, bend, pull tenon, rolling and other phenomena, failure directly affects the safety and reliability of structure.
(3) for the natural vibration characteristics and dynamic parameters of the hall of timber frame, this article carried on the modal analysis of the structure. The analysis results show that the structure of the first mode frequency is 0.4733Hz, the basic 2.1127s cycle, reflect the characteristics of long period structure of wood structure; longitudinal stiffness ratio of lateral stiffness is weak, should be strengthened.
(4) this paper discusses comparison model of joint stiffness, roof stiffness influence on the vibration mode, results show that the effect of joint stiffness on the vibration mode is significant, especially for the first modes, strengthen the purlin mortise and tenon connection of the longitudinal stiffness strengthening effect is obvious; and the hall roof itself stiffness large changes of the roof stiffness influence on the modal is very small.
(5) to research the seismic capability of timber frame, this paper adopts full transient analysis of time history analysis of structure method. The results show that under strong earthquake, beam displacement is larger, with the increase of thickness of beam, beam displacement peak increased, step in general practice set high eaves, leading to head beam with seven beam layer displacement is large, prone to the phenomenon of the tenon pull parts.
(6) the beam of earthquake acceleration response under the rare performance: the peak acceleration with the beam height decreases with increasing trend; beam dynamic amplification coefficient between layers were around 1, tenon connection to play the role of energy dissipation, the seven layer frame beam and the most significant effect of energy dissipation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU366.2;TU241.5

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