本文選題：非線性　切入點：振動時效　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：振動時效是消減殘余應(yīng)力的一種有效手段,與自然時效及熱時效方法相比,振動時效具有無污染、效率高、成本低、節(jié)約時間和能源等特點,在避免熱時效過程可能產(chǎn)生構(gòu)件氧化、構(gòu)件受熱不均而導(dǎo)致裂變或在冷卻過程中產(chǎn)生新的應(yīng)力等方面也具有益處,但至今其應(yīng)用范圍還很有限,還有很大的潛力還沒有發(fā)揮出來。其中一個重要原因是現(xiàn)行振動時效設(shè)備所能產(chǎn)生的激振頻率(大都小于200Hz)遠(yuǎn)低于許多構(gòu)件的固有頻率,無法使構(gòu)件產(chǎn)生振動時效所要求的共振和動應(yīng)力。此外部分構(gòu)件需要較高階振型以產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的動應(yīng)力來消減殘余應(yīng)力,所以要求振動時效設(shè)備能產(chǎn)生較高的激振頻率。 針對這一問題,依據(jù)非線性振動系統(tǒng)的輸出響應(yīng)頻率可不同于輸入激勵頻率的原理,采取現(xiàn)行激振器作用于非線性振動系統(tǒng)使其產(chǎn)生遠(yuǎn)高于原激振頻率的非線性共振,該非線性振動系統(tǒng)再以接近具有較高固有頻率構(gòu)件共振頻率的新激振頻率作用于構(gòu)件,使其產(chǎn)生共振和相應(yīng)的動應(yīng)力以消減構(gòu)件的殘余應(yīng)力。本文研究了非線性共振式振動時效方法及應(yīng)用研究,主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個部分： (1)遵循“加載的動應(yīng)力與殘余應(yīng)力的疊加大于材料的屈服強度可獲得殘余應(yīng)力的減少”準(zhǔn)則,要有效消減構(gòu)件的殘余應(yīng)力,需要了解構(gòu)件的殘余應(yīng)力的分布規(guī)律,以確定所需動應(yīng)力的分布大小及相應(yīng)構(gòu)件的振型與振幅等。本文以等溫淬火曲軸為結(jié)合點,應(yīng)用熱彈塑性有限元方法分析曲軸經(jīng)過等溫淬火工序后的殘余應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律,然后應(yīng)用有限變形理論分析切削加工工序后的殘余應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律,再運用應(yīng)力疊加原理得到曲軸在等溫淬火和切削加工這兩道工序后的殘余應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律,為構(gòu)件振動時效所需動應(yīng)力的分布提供技術(shù)依據(jù)。 (2)為獲取實現(xiàn)消減等溫淬火曲軸殘余應(yīng)力所需要的振動動應(yīng)力,在等溫淬火曲軸殘余應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,利用有限單元法建立曲軸的動力學(xué)方程,獲取等溫淬火曲軸在外部激勵和自激慣性力作用下的動態(tài)特性,分析等溫淬火曲軸各階振動模態(tài)下的動應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律,并確定滿足消減殘余應(yīng)力所需要的共振頻率、振型、激振力大小等參數(shù)。 (3)研究在傳統(tǒng)激振器作用下的非線性激振系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性。建立系統(tǒng)非線性動態(tài)分析模型,應(yīng)用非線性振動理論的多尺度法研究激振塊的振動頻率、產(chǎn)生的激振力與非線性彈性參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系和規(guī)律,由可解性條件分析消減較具有高固有頻率構(gòu)件殘余應(yīng)力所要求的共振頻率、振型、激振力等與非線性振動激振系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量、彈性等參數(shù)問關(guān)系。為了研究構(gòu)件對非線性激振系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性的影響,將構(gòu)件簡化為彈性元件作用于非線性激振系統(tǒng)。分析了激振系統(tǒng)作用于構(gòu)件后,為實現(xiàn)構(gòu)件產(chǎn)生共振,激振系統(tǒng)的非線性參數(shù)所進行的調(diào)整。 (4)以等溫淬火曲軸為例,根據(jù)本文的理論研究結(jié)果設(shè)計一種新型非線性共振式振動時效裝置。利用有限單元法計算選取等溫淬火曲軸非線性共振式振動時效裝置的支撐及夾持方式等各項工藝參數(shù),建立等溫淬火曲軸與非線性共振式振動時效裝置組成的非線性振動時效系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型。利用多尺度法對動力學(xué)模型進行分析,確定非線性共振式振動時效裝置所需的結(jié)構(gòu)及非線性元件等參數(shù)。為等溫淬火曲軸非線性共振式振動時效裝置的研制提供依據(jù)。 (5)以上述研究為基礎(chǔ),研制等溫淬火曲軸非線性共振式振動時效系統(tǒng)試驗平臺,通過試驗對非線性振動系統(tǒng)的輸入及響應(yīng)進行分析,并將實驗分析結(jié)果和理論分析結(jié)果進行對比,對非線性共振式振動時效新方法進行驗證。
[Abstract]:The VSR is an effective means to reduce the residual stress, compared with natural aging and thermal aging method, vibration aging has no pollution, high efficiency, low cost, saving time and energy and other characteristics, to avoid thermal aging process may produce components of oxidation, uneven heating component caused fission or create new stress in the process of cooling and other aspects also have benefits, but its application is still very limited, there is still great potential has yet to play out. One important reason is that the excitation frequency can produce current vibration aging equipment (mostly less than 200Hz) is far lower than the natural frequency of many components, the component cannot produce resonance vibration aging required and dynamic stress. In addition some components need higher order modes to produce the corresponding dynamic stress to reduce residual stress, vibration frequency so that vibration aging equipment can produce higher.
To solve this problem, based on the principle of nonlinear vibration system output frequency response can be different from the input frequency, take the current exciter in nonlinear vibration system to produce nonlinear resonance far higher than the original excitation frequency, the nonlinear vibration system with high frequency component near the resonant frequency of the new excitation frequency acting on the component, to produce resonance and the corresponding residual stress to reduce the stress of components. This thesis studied the nonlinear resonance vibration aging method and application, the main contents are as follows:
(1) follow the load dynamic yield strength superposition force and residual stress is greater than the material available to reduce the criterion of residual stress, to effectively reduce residual stress of components, need to understand distribution of components of the residual stress, to determine the desired shapes and amplitudes of dynamic stress distribution the size and the corresponding component. In this paper the isothermal quenching crankshaft is proposed, using thermal elastic-plastic finite element method analysis of crankshaft after isothermal quenching process, the residual stress distribution, and then apply the theory of finite deformation analysis of machining process of the residual stress distribution, and then use the crankshaft in the two residual step austempering and cutting after the stress distribution of the stress superposition principle, required for component vibration aging distribution of dynamic stress and provide technical basis.
(2) in order to obtain the vibration elimination of residual stress of crankshaft isothermal quenching to dynamic stress, based on the residual stress distribution of the crankshaft isothermal quenching on the kinetic equation by finite element method to establish the crankshaft, obtain the dynamic characteristics of crankshaft isothermal quenching inertial force under the action of external excitation and self excitation, modal analysis the isothermal quenching the vibration under the dynamic stress distribution law, and determined to meet the subtractive resonance frequency, residual stress to vibration mode, the vibrating force and other parameters.
(3) research on the dynamic characteristics of nonlinear vibration system in traditional vibration force. Establish the analysis model of nonlinear dynamic system, the application of nonlinear vibration theory the method of multiple scales vibration block vibration frequency, the relationship and regulation between exciting force and nonlinear elastic parameters generated by the solvability condition analysis cut with the resonance frequency, high frequency components of residual stress required for vibration mode, vibration force and mass nonlinear vibration excitation system, elastic parameter q relationship. In order to study the influence of components on dynamic characteristics of nonlinear vibration system, the component is simplified to the action of the elastic elements in the nonlinear vibration system. Analysis of the effect of excitation system on the component, resonance for component of nonlinear parametric excitation system adjustment.
(4) the isothermal quenching crankshaft as an example, according to the results of the design of a new type of nonlinear resonance vibration ageing device. The calculation supporting and clamping mode of the process parameter of isothermal quenching crankshaft nonlinear resonance vibration ageing device using the finite element method, the establishment of the isothermal quenching crankshaft and nonlinear resonance vibration aging device dynamic nonlinear vibration aging system model components. Using multi-scale method to analyze the dynamic model of nonlinear resonance vibration ageing device required structure and nonlinear element parameter. To provide the basis for the development of Austempered crankshaft nonlinear resonance vibration ageing device.
(5) based on the research and development of testing platform of isothermal quenching crankshaft nonlinear resonance vibration aging system, through the response test of nonlinear vibration system input and analysis, and analyze the experimental results and the theoretical analysis, the new method of nonlinear vibration aging resonance is verified.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU311.3;O322

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