本文選題：建筑工人　切入點(diǎn)：疲勞　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建筑工人疲勞是導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前建筑業(yè)事故多發(fā)的重要原因。然而，現(xiàn)有研究尚未明確指出建筑工人疲勞與安全績(jī)效之間的定量關(guān)系，難以對(duì)建筑工人的疲勞管理提供有效指導(dǎo)。因此，本研究分別針對(duì)建筑工人疲勞及安全績(jī)效開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的測(cè)量方法/工具，并基于實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)分析了兩者之間的定量關(guān)系。 首先，本研究開發(fā)了中英文兩個(gè)版本的《建筑工人疲勞評(píng)價(jià)量表》。通過文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研、專家研討、建筑工人訪談的方法，本研究先開發(fā)了英文版量表，并在美國(guó)建筑工人中檢驗(yàn)了量表的信度和效度；及后，通過量表翻譯及工人訪談修訂了對(duì)應(yīng)的中文版量表，并在中國(guó)建筑工人中檢驗(yàn)了中文版量表的信度和效度。 然后，本研究基于建筑工作的典型任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)了建筑工人安全績(jī)效的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量方法。本研究選取了“人工搬運(yùn)任務(wù)”作為實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M的典型任務(wù)，設(shè)計(jì)并制作了相應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置以模擬任務(wù)過程中的危險(xiǎn)并檢測(cè)危險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)的結(jié)果，通過“任務(wù)失誤”（未能避開危險(xiǎn)）來反映建筑工人的安全績(jī)效。此外，本研究以20名鋼筋工為對(duì)象開展了預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)及實(shí)驗(yàn)后訪談，驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的有效性，，并確定了合理的實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)難度。 運(yùn)用上述量表及實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量方法，本研究以10名鋼筋工為對(duì)象開展實(shí)驗(yàn)，測(cè)量了他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)過程中的疲勞及安全績(jī)效的變化情況，并基于測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)分析了兩者之間的定量關(guān)系。主要分析結(jié)果包括：1）以《建筑工人疲勞評(píng)價(jià)量表》為測(cè)量工具，當(dāng)評(píng)分在20以內(nèi)時(shí)，疲勞影響并不明顯，當(dāng)評(píng)分大于20時(shí)，失誤隨疲勞的發(fā)展呈顯著的線性增加趨勢(shì)；2）在疲勞影響初期，工人的失誤主要是由于危險(xiǎn)感知失效導(dǎo)致的，而隨著疲勞程度的加深，工人由于運(yùn)動(dòng)控制失效而導(dǎo)致的失誤逐漸增多；3）工人的大部分失誤為“無意識(shí)失誤”（即工人并不清楚該失誤的出現(xiàn)），疲勞在導(dǎo)致失誤率上升的同時(shí)還降低了工人對(duì)自身失誤的感知能力。本研究同時(shí)探討了上述分析結(jié)果對(duì)建筑工人疲勞管理的啟示。 本研究為建筑工人的疲勞測(cè)量開發(fā)了適用量表，為建筑工人的安全績(jī)效測(cè)量設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，揭示了建筑工人疲勞與安全績(jī)效之間的定量關(guān)系，深化了對(duì)建筑工人疲勞的認(rèn)識(shí)，同時(shí)為施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的疲勞管理提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The fatigue of construction workers is an important cause of the frequent accidents in construction industry. However, the quantitative relationship between fatigue and safety performance of construction workers has not been clearly pointed out. It is difficult to provide effective guidance for the fatigue management of construction workers. Therefore, this study developed the corresponding measurement methods / tools for fatigue and safety performance of construction workers, and analyzed the quantitative relationship between them based on the experimental data. First of all, this study has developed the Chinese and English versions of the "Building Workers fatigue Assessment scale". Through literature research, expert discussion, construction workers interview methods, this study first developed the English version of the scale. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested in American construction workers, and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested in Chinese construction workers by means of translation of the scale and interview with workers. Then, based on the typical tasks of construction work, the experimental measurement method of construction workers' safety performance is designed. In this study, "manual handling task" is selected as the typical task of experimental simulation. A corresponding experimental device was designed and made to simulate the hazard during the task and to detect the results of the hazard response, and to reflect the safety performance of the construction worker by "mission error" (failing to avoid the danger). In this study, 20 rebar workers were selected to conduct pre-experiment and post-experiment interviews to verify the effectiveness of the experimental design and the experimental device, and to determine the reasonable difficulty of the experiment task. Using the above scale and the method of experimental measurement, the experiment was carried out with 10 steel bar workers, and the changes of fatigue and safety performance of 10 steel workers during the experiment were measured. The quantitative relationship between them is analyzed based on the measurement data. The main results include: (1) taking the Building Workers fatigue Evaluation scale as the measuring tool, the fatigue effect is not obvious when the score is less than 20, and when the score is greater than 20:00, In the early stage of fatigue effect, the failure of workers was mainly caused by perceived failure of risk, and with the deepening of fatigue, there was a significant linear increase in the trend of errors with fatigue development. (3) most of workers' errors are "unconscious errors" (that is, workers are not aware of the occurrence of this error, fatigue has led to an increase in the error rate while reducing the workers. At the same time, this study discusses the enlightenment of the above results to the fatigue management of construction workers. This study developed a suitable scale for fatigue measurement of construction workers, designed an experimental method for the safety performance measurement of construction workers, and revealed the quantitative relationship between fatigue and safety performance of construction workers. It also provides theoretical basis for fatigue management of construction site.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU714

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