本文選題：夏熱冬冷地區(qū)　切入點：秸稈　出處：《華北水利水電大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：低碳綠色發(fā)展已成為當今社會的發(fā)展趨勢。人們對于化石能源的超負荷使用,導致了能源、環(huán)境問題日趨嚴重,利用生物質(zhì)能源成為當今趨勢。在我國的農(nóng)村地區(qū),生物質(zhì)能源數(shù)量巨大、種類豐富。其中,利用秸稈制作的生物質(zhì)材料具有高熱阻特性,可作為建筑節(jié)能保溫材料。然而,秸稈隨意丟棄、直接焚燒的情況嚴重,違背了低碳綠色發(fā)展的要求。大量生物質(zhì)能源秸稈的改進利用已成為社會難題。農(nóng)村住宅的設計施工基本處于自發(fā)建設狀態(tài),既沒有針對性的農(nóng)村住宅屋頂節(jié)能標準,又缺乏規(guī)范的住宅建筑技術指導,所以夏熱冬冷地區(qū)不主動設置保溫層的現(xiàn)象普遍存在,以致其熱工性能差。在外圍護結構中屋頂部分,能耗貢獻率較大,造成了農(nóng)村住宅建筑能源消耗較高。因此,在改善農(nóng)村住宅屋頂?shù)谋匦阅艿膶嵺`中,利用秸稈的生物質(zhì)材料則成為理想的建筑屋頂保溫材料。本文作為2015年度河南省科技攻關計劃(高新技術領域)項目(編號B20142192)——秸稈在農(nóng)村住宅屋頂保溫層中的應用研究的重要組成部分,在老師的指導下開展了試驗研究。本文在認真分析國內(nèi)外秸稈建筑的研究現(xiàn)狀和現(xiàn)有試驗資料的基礎上,在信陽市選取比較典型的村落,進行實地走訪和調(diào)查研究,了解農(nóng)村住宅屋頂保溫層的保溫性能和秸稈處理、利用的現(xiàn)狀;通過理論分析和試驗資料相結合的方法,考慮秸稈摻和量、秸稈骨料長度、秸稈去皮與否、秸稈種類以及秸稈試塊厚度等因素,制作不同比例的秸稈試塊(玉米、芝麻秸稈),利用JW-III熱流計式導熱儀研究其導熱系數(shù)以確定熱工性能好壞,并通過抗壓試驗確定其最終的配合比。通過對不同比例秸稈試塊的實驗研究,確定最適宜的秸稈屋頂保溫層配合比,總結了秸稈屋頂保溫層的制作工藝,經(jīng)過建設實踐后,能夠在夏熱冬冷地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅進行推廣和使用,以達到改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人居環(huán)境、降低能源消耗等目標。本項目下一步的研究方向是秸稈屋頂保溫層的施工規(guī)程及實際應用推廣。此外,還有一些未考慮的因素,如是否其他種類的生物質(zhì)材料屋頂保溫層也可以達到更好的保溫效果;秸稈骨料和水泥粘結性差能否通過加膠等粘結劑解決等,這些問題還需要以后進一步研究解決。
[Abstract]:Low-carbon green development has become the development trend of the society today. The overload of fossil energy causes the energy and environmental problems become more and more serious, and the use of biomass energy becomes the current trend. Biomass energy is huge in quantity and rich in variety. Among them, biomass materials made from straw have high thermal resistance and can be used as building energy conservation and thermal insulation materials. However, straw is discarded at will and incinerated directly. The improvement and utilization of a large amount of biomass energy straw has become a social problem. The design and construction of rural housing is basically in a state of spontaneous construction, and there is no targeted energy saving standard for the roof of rural housing. Because of the lack of standard technical guidance of residential buildings, the phenomenon of not actively setting insulation layers in hot summer and cold winter areas is widespread, resulting in poor thermal performance. The energy consumption contribution rate of the roof part of the outer enclosure structure is large. Therefore, in the practice of improving the thermal insulation performance of rural housing roof, Biomass material using straw is an ideal material for building roof insulation. This paper is used as the project of Henan Province Science and Technology Project (high-tech field) in 2015 (No. B201421922)-Straw should be used in the thermal insulation layer of rural housing roof. Using important components of research, Under the guidance of the teacher, the experimental study was carried out. Based on the analysis of the current research situation and the existing experimental data of straw buildings at home and abroad, this paper selected some typical villages in Xinyang City and conducted field visits and investigations. To understand the thermal insulation performance of the roof insulation layer of rural housing and the current situation of straw treatment and utilization, to consider the amount of straw, the length of straw aggregate, the peeling or not of straw through the method of combining theoretical analysis with experimental data. Different proportion of straw (corn, sesame straw) were made by straw type and the thickness of straw sample. The thermal conductivity of straw was studied by using JW-III heat flux meter to determine the thermal performance of corn and sesame straw. Through the experimental study on the different proportion of straw, the optimum proportion of the straw roof insulation layer is determined, and the making technology of the straw roof insulation layer is summarized. After the construction practice, the process of making the straw roof insulation layer is summarized. To be able to popularize and use rural housing in hot summer and cold winter areas in order to improve the living environment in rural areas, The next research direction of this project is the construction rules of straw roof insulation layer and its practical application. In addition, there are some unconsidered factors. Such as whether other kinds of biomass material roof insulation layer can also achieve better thermal insulation effect; whether the poor adhesion of straw aggregate and cement can be solved by glue and other binder, these problems need to be further studied and solved in the future.
【學位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU111.41;TU531

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本文編號：1586687