本文選題：雜化絮凝劑　切入點：制備　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：混凝是重要的水處理工藝之一，混凝劑的開發(fā)是混凝工藝的核心技術(shù)，混凝劑的優(yōu)劣是決定混凝效果甚至整個水處理效果的關(guān)鍵因素。隨著水和廢水處理規(guī)模的迅猛發(fā)展，對混凝劑的質(zhì)量和品種需求也越來越大。開發(fā)新型高效低耗、安全無害的混凝劑以提高水處理效果、降低成本一直是水處理領(lǐng)域的研究重點。 聚合氯化鋁-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨（PAC-PDMDAAC）雜化絮凝劑是基于聚合氯化鋁較強的電中和作用和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨有機高分子絮凝劑優(yōu)異的吸附架橋能力的協(xié)同作用而開發(fā)的新型高效絮凝劑。與傳統(tǒng)的無機絮凝劑相比，它具有絮體形成快，顆粒密度大，沉降速度快等特點，且無二次污染，高效低耗，適用范圍廣，可取代價格昂貴的有機高分子絮凝劑。PAC-PDMDAAC雜化高分子絮凝劑有著良好的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用前景，可以用于飲用水處理和紡織、印染廢水等處理工藝中。 論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下: （1）采用原位聚合法以聚合氯化鋁、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨為原料，以過硫酸銨為引發(fā)劑制備了離子型PAC-PDMDAAC雜化絮凝劑，并進行Box-Behnken中心組合實驗和響應(yīng)面分析，得出最佳制備條件：DMDAAC質(zhì)量分數(shù)為37%，引發(fā)劑質(zhì)量分數(shù)為0.6%，反應(yīng)溫度為75℃，反應(yīng)時間為5h。在對絮凝劑結(jié)構(gòu)表征分析中，F(xiàn)T-IR及TGA測試結(jié)果表明雜化絮凝劑有機-無機組分間是由PDMDAAC鏈端（-SO42-）與帶正電荷的羥基鋁粒子以離子鍵性質(zhì)鍵合。SEM結(jié)果顯示，雜化絮凝劑PAC-PDMDAAC顆粒尺寸和比表面積均比其復(fù)合型絮凝劑更大。 （2）采用溶膠-凝膠法以硅烷偶聯(lián)劑KH570為無機改性劑，以聚合氯化鋁、二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨為原料，以過硫酸銨為引發(fā)劑制備了共價型PAC-PDMDAAC雜化絮凝劑，并用響應(yīng)面設(shè)計預(yù)測并根據(jù)實際情況得到最優(yōu)制備條件為：DMDAAC質(zhì)量分數(shù)為33%，引發(fā)劑質(zhì)量分數(shù)為0.6%，反應(yīng)溫度為64℃，反應(yīng)時間為3h。在對絮凝劑結(jié)構(gòu)表征分析中，電導(dǎo)測試、FT-IR、13C-NMR及TGA結(jié)果表明PAC-PDMDAAC雜化絮凝劑的有機-無機組分間以共價鍵形式鍵合，性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定；其SEM照片顯示其結(jié)構(gòu)疏松，粒度較大。 （3）分別通過高嶺土模擬水的混凝燒杯實驗和硅藻土模擬水的量筒沉降實驗，考察了PAC和自制兩種雜化絮凝劑的電中和能力和絮凝性能。高嶺土模擬水的混凝燒杯實驗結(jié)果表明，兩種PAC-PDMDAAC雜化絮凝劑的電中和能力突出。硅藻土模擬水的量筒沉降實驗結(jié)果表明，兩種PAC-PDMDAAC雜化絮凝劑的絮體粒度和沉降速度明顯高于PAC，絮凝性能優(yōu)異。對重慶嘉陵江和長江原水的混凝效果表明，兩種雜化型絮凝劑對濁度、UV254和CODMn均表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的去除效果。 （4）使用激光粒度分析儀對雜化絮凝劑處理高嶺土模擬水樣進行混凝動態(tài)過程研究，采用兩種雜化絮凝劑時，，隨投加量的增加，pH越接近中性，形成的絮體粒徑越大。相比PAC，形成穩(wěn)定絮體所需時間短。兩種雜化絮凝劑絮體抗剪切強度高于PAC，且在相同條件下恢復(fù)能力強。隨破碎時間的延長，雜化絮凝劑形成絮體的強度因子和恢復(fù)因子均呈下降趨勢。 （5）應(yīng)用掃描電子顯微鏡對雜化絮凝劑絮凝后絮體進行觀察，將絮體分為絮粒、絮團和絮網(wǎng)三個不同的生長階段,通過假設(shè)顆粒結(jié)合位置符合正四面體,建立了絮體結(jié)構(gòu)模型,在一定程度上能夠反映雜化高分子絮凝劑絮凝高嶺土顆粒生成的絮體結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:Coagulation is one of the important water treatment process, development is the core technology of coagulant coagulation process, coagulant quality is a key factor to determine the coagulation effect and the effect of water treatment. With the rapid development of water and wastewater treatment scale, quality and variety of coagulant development demand is also growing. New type of high efficiency and low consumption, safe and harmless coagulant to improve the water treatment effect, reduce the cost has been a focus of research in the field of water treatment.
Polyaluminumchloride two poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PAC-PDMDAAC) polymer is a new type of high efficient flocculant and the development of synergistic effect of polyaluminium chloride strong charge neutralization and two poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride organic polymer flocculant with excellent adsorption ability based on. Compared with traditional inorganic flocculants, it has formed flocs soon, the particle density, sedimentation speed and other characteristics, and no two pollution, high efficiency and low energy consumption, wide application range, has a good foreground of development and application to replace the expensive organic polymer flocculant.PAC-PDMDAAC hybrid polymer flocculating agent, can be used for drinking water treatment and textile, printing and dyeing wastewater treatment process.
The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1) using polyaluminium chloride by in situ polymerization, two dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride as raw materials, ammonium persulfate ion type PAC-PDMDAAC hybrid flocculant prepared initiator system, and the Box-Behnken central composite experimental design and response surface analysis, the optimum preparation conditions: the mass fraction of DMDAAC is 37%, the mass fraction of the initiator 0.6%, reaction temperature 75 C, reaction time is 5h. in the flocculant structure characterization analysis, FT-IR and TGA test results show that the hybrid flocculant organic - inorganic portions by PDMDAAC chain end (-SO42-) and hydroxy aluminum particles with positive charge in ionic bonding properties of.SEM showed that the flocculant PAC-PDMDAAC particles hybrid size and specific surface area than the composite flocculant was greater.
(2) inorganic modified with silane coupling agent KH570 by sol-gel method, using polyaluminium chloride, two dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride as raw materials, ammonium persulfate as covalent PAC-PDMDAAC hybrid flocculant prepared initiator system, and response surface design and forecast according to the actual situation to obtain the optimal preparation condition: the mass fraction of DMDAAC is 33%, the mass fraction of the initiator is 0.6%, reaction temperature 64 C, reaction time is 3h. in the flocculant characterization analysis, conductivity measurements, FT-IR, 13C-NMR and TGA results show that PAC-PDMDAAC polymer organic - inorganic composition between covalently bonding properties, stability; the SEM photograph shows its loose structure, large size.
(3) respectively by kaolin simulated water coagulation beaker experiment and diatomite water simulation cylinder sedimentation experiment, PAC and self-made two kinds of hybrid flocculant neutralization and flocculation performance were investigated. The kaolin simulated water coagulation beaker experiment results show that two kinds of PAC-PDMDAAC hybrid flocculant neutralization diatomite simulation is prominent. The water cylinder settlement. The experimental results show that the two kinds of PAC-PDMDAAC hybrid flocculant floc size and settling velocity was obviously higher than that of PAC. Show excellent flocculation coagulation effect of Chongqing Jialing River and Yangtze River water, two kinds of hybrid flocculant of turbidity, UV254 and CODMn showed excellent removal rate.
(4) the kaolin coagulation dynamic process of hybrid flocculant using laser particle size analyzer, using two kinds of hybrid flocculant, with the increase of the dosage of pH is close to neutral, the formation of floc size. Compared with PAC, the formation of a stable floc time required for two kinds of hybrid. Flocculant floc shear strength is higher than that of PAC, and under the same conditions the recovery ability. With prolonged crushing time, hybrid flocculant floc formation intensity factor and recovery factor decreased.
(5) observed by scanning electron microscopy of the hybrid flocculation flocs, the floc is divided into floc flocculation and floc, three different growth stages, by assuming that the particle binding position coincides with the tetrahedron, established the floc structure model can reflect the floc structure of the hybrid polymer flocculation of kaolin particles generation in a certain extent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2

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