本文選題：建筑能耗監(jiān)測　切入點：建筑能源系統(tǒng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)　出處：《大連理工大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：建筑節(jié)能,以提高建筑能源利用效率、降低能源消耗為目標,已成為我國緩解能源供給不足、降低污染物排放,實現(xiàn)建筑能源環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要課題之一。建筑能耗監(jiān)測及建筑能源系統(tǒng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet of Building Energy Systems, iBES)為量化考評我國建筑節(jié)能工作、促進建筑能效評價與節(jié)能改造工作的深入開展,提供了理論基礎和技術支持,具有重要的現(xiàn)實和長遠意義。能耗數(shù)據(jù)作為指導建筑系統(tǒng)運行管理、節(jié)能診斷和能效評價的基礎數(shù)據(jù),其正確性和可靠性至關重要。但通過對建筑能耗監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的建設和實際運行調研發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)有建筑能耗監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)在底層能耗數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測和網(wǎng)絡層數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程中,仍然存在較大的數(shù)據(jù)質量問題,特別是因感知層信道干擾造成的異常能耗數(shù)據(jù)、傳輸層因網(wǎng)絡擁塞造成的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸障礙等問題亟需進一步解決。為此,本文將以建筑能源系統(tǒng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)為平臺,通過理論和試驗研究、技術開發(fā)等手段,以提高建筑能耗監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸質量為目標,開展以下研究工作。 首先,針對建筑能耗監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中普遍采用的RS485總線因工作環(huán)境惡劣、強電磁干擾等因素引起的通信可靠性較差問題,研究iBES感知層數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測質量保障方法。以總線的偏置電阻、終端電阻、總線節(jié)點數(shù)量三個關鍵參數(shù)為研究對象,建立了RS485總線的等效電路模型,通過基爾霍夫電流定律及限流法確定了偏置電阻的合理取值范圍,進一步分析了偏置電阻對終端電阻以及總線節(jié)點數(shù)量的影響。結果表明,偏置電阻的理論最小值為556Ω,最大值為716Ω,當偏置電阻取值為665Ω時,可以確保RS485總線穩(wěn)定通信的前提下得到總線的最大節(jié)點數(shù)量,為RS485總線在iBES工程應用提供了技術指導。 其次,針對iBES傳輸層網(wǎng)絡結構復雜、網(wǎng)絡類型多樣化、跨網(wǎng)遠距離傳輸?shù)奶攸c,以能夠評價能耗監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡通信性能的關鍵參數(shù)——網(wǎng)絡時延的特性研究為切入點,研究分析iBES網(wǎng)絡時延組成,通過S-Ping測量方法從不同角度探究網(wǎng)絡時延的分布特性,在此基礎上,提出了基于小波濾波-差分自回歸滑動平均模型(W-ARIMA)的能耗監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡時延預測方法。結果表明,W-ARIMA算法具有較高的預測精度,可以實現(xiàn)對網(wǎng)絡通信擁塞程度的預判,為優(yōu)化能耗數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)於ɑA。 第三,針對iBES傳輸層網(wǎng)絡擁塞造成的傳輸障礙、數(shù)據(jù)丟失等問題,基于網(wǎng)絡時延特性的預測結果,研究改變能耗數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)包間隔(VPI)和發(fā)包大小(VPS)的模糊自適應傳輸方法。Matlab仿真結果表明,與采用“定時、定量、定間隔”傳輸方法相比,采用VPI-FATC方法傳輸時,能耗數(shù)據(jù)包丟包率下降了23%,采用VPS-FATC方法傳輸時,丟包率下降了71%；采用VPIS-FATC方法傳輸時,丟包率下降了79%。 最后,在上述理論研究結果的基礎上開發(fā)了iBES智能數(shù)據(jù)采集器,其具體智能功能體現(xiàn)在：(1)自配置功能,當遇到網(wǎng)絡中斷時,可自主讀取SD卡中存儲的配置信息,避免丟失能耗數(shù)據(jù)；(2)智能采樣功能,可通過變頻采樣、勒貝格采樣方式對能耗數(shù)據(jù)進行優(yōu)化采樣,在保證能耗數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢要求的基礎上,節(jié)約大量的數(shù)據(jù)存儲空間；(3)智能傳輸控制方法,根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡擁塞程度動態(tài)調整下一時刻能耗數(shù)據(jù)包的發(fā)送時間間隔、數(shù)據(jù)包大小,適應網(wǎng)絡負載變化帶來的影響,提高能耗數(shù)據(jù)傳輸質量和效率。
[Abstract]:In order to improve building energy efficiency, building energy efficiency, reduce the energy consumption, has become China's energy supply, reduce pollutant emissions, one of the important task for the implementation of building energy and environment sustainable development. The building energy consumption monitoring and building energy system networking (Internet of Building Energy Systems, iBES) for the quantitative evaluation of our country the construction of energy-saving work, to promote building energy efficiency evaluation and energy-saving work in depth, to provide theoretical basis and technical support, has important practical and long-term significance. The energy consumption data refers to the operation and management system construction as the guide, the basic data for diagnosis and evaluation of energy saving efficiency, its correctness and reliability is essential. But through the actual operation and construction the building energy consumption monitoring system's research found that the existing building energy consumption monitoring system in the lower energy consumption data monitoring and network layer data transmission In the process, there are still large data quality problems, especially due to abnormal energy consumption data channel interference caused by the perception layer, transport layer problems due to network congestion caused by data transmission obstacles need further solution. Therefore, this paper will take the Internet of building energy system as a platform, through theoretical and experimental research, technology development and other means in order to improve the building energy monitoring system, data monitoring and data transmission quality as the goal, to carry out the following research work.
First of all, according to the commonly used building energy consumption monitoring system of RS485 bus communication due to poor working conditions, poor reliability problems caused by strong electromagnetic interference and other factors, the research of iBES sensing layer data monitoring quality assurance method. To bias resistors, bus terminal resistor, three key parameters of the bus node number as the research object, established the equivalent circuit the model of RS485 bus, to determine the reasonable range of the bias resistors by Kirchhoff's current law and current limiting method, further analysis of the bias resistors on the bus terminal resistance and the number of nodes of the influence. The results show that the theoretical minimum bias resistance is 556 ohms, the maximum value is 716 ohms, when the bias resistor value is 665. When the RS485 bus communication can ensure the premise of stability under the maximum number of nodes of the RS485 bus in the bus, for the engineering application of iBES provides technical guidance.
Secondly, according to the iBES transmission layer structure of complex networks, the network of diverse types, characteristics of inter network transmission, in order to study the characteristics of key network delay parameter can be used to evaluate the communication performance of the energy consumption monitoring network as the breakthrough point, analysis of the composition of iBES network delay distribution research, to explore the characteristics of network delay from different angles through the S-Ping measuring method. On this basis, put forward the wavelet filter difference autoregressive moving average model (W-ARIMA) based on the prediction method of energy consumption monitoring network delay. The results show that the W-ARIMA algorithm has higher prediction accuracy, can predict the degree of congestion of network communication, to lay the foundation for optimizing the energy consumption of data transmission.
Third, according to the iBES transport layer transmission obstacles caused by network congestion, data loss, network delay prediction results based on the change of energy consumption data packet interval (VPI) and the size (VPS) fuzzy adaptive transmission method.Matlab simulation results show that compared with the "timing, quantitative, compared to a given interval transmission method, using the method of VPI-FATC transmission, the packet loss rate of energy consumption decreased by 23%, using the method of VPS-FATC transmission, the packet loss rate decreased by 71%; by the method of VPIS-FATC transmission, packet loss rate decreased by 79%.
Finally, the iBES intelligent data acquisition system based on the above research results, the intelligent function is reflected in: (1) self configuration function, when the network is interrupted, the configuration information can be independently read SD card storage, avoid loss of energy consumption data; (2) intelligent sampling function, through frequency sampling Lebesgue, sampling to optimize sampling of energy consumption data, while ensuring the requirements of changing trend of energy consumption data, saving data of a large amount of storage space; (3) intelligent transmission control method, according to the energy consumption of the packet transmission time interval network congestion dynamic adjustment of next time, packet size, network load to adapt to the impact of changes the data transmission quality and improve energy efficiency.

【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP391.44;TN929.5;TU111.195

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