本文選題：城市污泥　切入點(diǎn)：管道輸送　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：活性污泥法因其高效、低耗等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而成為城市污水處理的最主要方法，但隨之產(chǎn)生的大量污泥卻是污水處理廠面臨的一大難題。對污泥的處理處置有分散處理和集中處理兩種模式，其中后者因占用城市面積小且對周邊環(huán)境污染輕而成為污泥處理與處置的首選模式。實(shí)踐表明，在可供選擇的污泥輸送方式中，傳統(tǒng)的卡車輸送、駁船輸送運(yùn)行費(fèi)用高，輸送效率低，并且嚴(yán)重影響城市環(huán)境衛(wèi)生。相比之下，城市污泥的管道輸送方式因其運(yùn)行費(fèi)用省、自動化控制程度高及清潔衛(wèi)生等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而成為污泥輸送方式的最佳選擇。對城市污泥管道輸送阻力特性進(jìn)行研究，并對輸送管道的設(shè)計參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，不但能夠保障污泥輸送管道的安全可靠運(yùn)行，同時還對保障其經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行并節(jié)省輸送成本具有重要意義。 測定了質(zhì)量濃度分別為2.38%，3.94%和5.39%的污泥的流變性，結(jié)果表明其具有顯著剪切稀化特性，在剪切速率足夠大時表現(xiàn)出較穩(wěn)定的極限粘度，三種質(zhì)量濃度污泥在溫度T=293K時的極限粘度分別為2.60mPa s，3.21mPa s和5.95mPa s；T=298K時分別為2.45mPa s，2.91mPa s和5.78mPa s；T=303K時分別為2.32mPa s，2.78mPa s和3.69mPa s，表明極限粘度隨污泥質(zhì)量濃度的升高而增大，同時隨溫度的升高而降低。污泥流變曲線符合賓漢模型，表現(xiàn)出賓漢偽塑性的流變特征。 基于污泥的流變特性，經(jīng)阻力模型比選，采用廣泛應(yīng)用的Turian-Yuan非均質(zhì)模型對城市污泥在管道內(nèi)的流動阻力進(jìn)行了預(yù)測，并結(jié)合試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對其參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。對于敏感參數(shù)污泥體積濃度CV的指數(shù)m1和污泥顆粒沉降阻力系數(shù)CD的指數(shù)m2的優(yōu)化結(jié)果為：m1=0.887，m2=-0.162，由此確定改進(jìn)Turian-Yuan20.694非均質(zhì)阻力模型為i i0.551C0.887C0.162(v)(s movD)1.2gD i0。經(jīng)實(shí)際輸泥 管道實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證，改進(jìn)Turian-Yuan非均質(zhì)模型精度高且預(yù)測效果穩(wěn)定，滿足對污泥流動阻力預(yù)測的精度要求，同時對該模型預(yù)測誤差的來源進(jìn)行了分析。推導(dǎo)了基于相似理論的輸泥管道原型和物理模型主要參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的實(shí)際原型流動參數(shù)的模擬，，并將該方法所獲得的阻力模擬值與改進(jìn)Turian-Yuan模型的模擬值進(jìn)行了分析比較，進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了改進(jìn)Turian-Yuan模型的精度和安全性。 建立了污泥管道輸送系統(tǒng)年折算總費(fèi)用模型，并將污泥濃度Cw和輸送速度v確定為待優(yōu)化變量，同時利用高效并行且具有全局尋優(yōu)能力的遺傳算法對復(fù)雜非線性的污泥管道輸送系統(tǒng)費(fèi)用模型進(jìn)行了參數(shù)優(yōu)化求解，為污泥管道輸送系統(tǒng)的安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行提供了可參考的優(yōu)化設(shè)計參數(shù)。計算實(shí)例表明，污泥流量Q=0.226~0.045m3/s（污泥濃度Cw=0.8~4.0%），輸送距離L=4.5103m條件下的最優(yōu)設(shè)計參數(shù)為：污泥濃度2.32%，輸送流速1.10m/s，管徑300mm，年折算總費(fèi)用W=52.83萬元。 污泥管道輸送系統(tǒng)年折算總費(fèi)用構(gòu)成的分析結(jié)果表明，輸送系統(tǒng)年折算總費(fèi)用由年折算建設(shè)費(fèi)用和年運(yùn)行費(fèi)用構(gòu)成，后者主要表現(xiàn)為維持系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的動力費(fèi)用且在總費(fèi)用中占主要部分，因此應(yīng)在滿足輸送流速約束條件的前提下通過降低輸送流速來控制年運(yùn)行費(fèi)用的劇增，從而降低年折算總費(fèi)用。同時，對實(shí)用的污泥濃度進(jìn)行了分區(qū)，并對計算實(shí)例建立了比年折算總費(fèi)用偏離率曲線以用于對不同污泥濃度分區(qū)內(nèi)的運(yùn)行方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)選，優(yōu)選結(jié)果為：在第Ⅲ濃度分區(qū)內(nèi)，基準(zhǔn)值W0’(300)=1.77E-06，且在Cw=2.32%時偏離率達(dá)到最小值，與計算實(shí)例中優(yōu)化結(jié)果吻合。
[Abstract]:The activated sludge process because of its high efficiency, and has become the most important method of city sewage treatment and low consumption, but a major problem resulting in a large number of sludge is a sewage treatment plant. The disposal of sludge is decentralized and centralized treatment of two modes, which accounted for by the latter due to the small area of the city and the surrounding environment pollution the light has become the preferred mode of sludge treatment and disposal. The practice shows that the choice of sludge conveying way, the traditional transportation truck, barge transport high operating costs, low transport efficiency, and seriously affect the city environmental sanitation. In contrast, the pipeline of city sludge transport due to its operating cost, the advantages of automation a high degree of control and clean and become the best choice of transportation mode. The sludge resistance characteristics of sludge pipeline transportation of city is studied, and design parameters of the pipeline is optimized. It not only ensures the safe and reliable operation of the sludge conveying pipeline, but also is of great significance to ensure its economic operation and save the transportation cost.
Determination of the mass concentration were 2.38%, 3.94% and 5.39% of the rheological properties of sludge, the results showed that it has obvious shear thinning characteristics, showing a stable limit viscosity when the shear rate is large enough, the limiting viscosity of three kinds of quality concentration of sludge at a temperature of T=293K were 2.60mPa s, 3.21mPa s and 5.95mPa s; T=298K s 2.91mPa s were 2.45mPa, 5.78mPa and S; T=303K were 2.32mPa s, 2.78mPa s and 3.69mPa s, showed that the limiting viscosity increases with increase of sludge concentration, and decreases with the increase of temperature. The sludge rheological curve accords with the Bingham model, exhibited pseudo plastic rheological characteristics of Bingham.
Based on the rheological properties of sludge, the resistance model selection, the widely used Turian-Yuan heterogeneous model to predict the flow resistance of city sludge in pipeline, and combined with the optimization of the parameters of the test data. The sensitive parameters of sludge volume concentration of CV refers to the optimized index M2 drag coefficient CD M1 and sludge settling the result of particles: m1=0.887, m2=-0.162, the improved Turian-Yuan20.694 heterogeneous resistance model for I i0.551C0.887C0.162 (V) (s movD) 1.2gD i0. after the actual mud
The measured data show that the improved Turian-Yuan pipeline, unsteady homogeneous model with high precision and prediction results meet the requirements of the accuracy of prediction of flow resistance of sludge, while the source of the forecasting error of the model is analyzed. The relationship between the main parameters of dredging pipeline prototype and physical model based on similarity theory is deduced to simulate the actual prototype flow based on the parameters of test results, and this method has the resistance value and the simulation value of the modified Turian-Yuan model are analyzed and compared, further verify the accuracy and safety of the improved Turian-Yuan model.
The sludge pipeline transportation system of annual total cost model, and the sludge concentration of Cw and V to determine the transmission speed of variables to be optimized, while the genetic algorithm is efficient and parallel with global optimization ability of sludge pipeline delivery system for complex nonlinear cost model for parameter optimization solution, provided the optimum design parameters for reference the safety and economic operation of transportation system for sludge pipeline. The calculation examples show that the sludge flow Q=0.226~0.045m3/s (sludge concentration Cw=0.8~4.0%), the optimal design parameters of the transmission distance under the condition of L=4.5103m: the sludge concentration 2.32%, conveying velocity 1.10m/s, diameter 300mm, annual total cost of W=52.83 million yuan.
The analysis results of sludge pipeline transportation system annual total cost that annual total cost of transportation system consists of annual construction cost and operation cost, the latter is mainly for power system operation and maintenance costs accounted for the major part of the total cost, therefore should meet the premise of transportation rate constraints by reducing to control operating cost of conveying velocity increase, thereby reducing the annual total cost. At the same time, the sludge concentration practical is partitioned, and the calculation example is established in the total cost of conversion rate curve to optimize the deviation in operation scheme of different sludge concentration areas, and the results were: the concentration of Division III in the reference value W0 '(300) =1.77E-06, and at Cw=2.32% when the deviation rate reaches the minimum value, and an example of calculation in optimization results.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU992.2

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