發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-04 17:15

  本文選題：建筑業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境影響　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在快速城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化發(fā)展的大背景下,我國(guó)建筑業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,但建筑業(yè)也面臨著削減資源消耗和污染排放的巨大壓力。研究建筑業(yè)環(huán)境影響的測(cè)算與評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)更好地控制建筑業(yè)環(huán)境影響具有積極意義。首先,將建筑業(yè)環(huán)境影響研究的系統(tǒng)邊界界定為完全環(huán)境影響,包括直接環(huán)境影響和間接環(huán)境影響,分別代表了建筑業(yè)本身和建筑業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)的環(huán)境影響。構(gòu)建了建筑業(yè)環(huán)境影響測(cè)算與評(píng)價(jià)的框架。其次,構(gòu)建了投入產(chǎn)出生命周期評(píng)價(jià)模型(IO-LCA),改進(jìn)了基于投入產(chǎn)出的混合生命周期評(píng)價(jià)模型(IO-HLCA),用于測(cè)算建筑業(yè)環(huán)境影響。在IO-HLCA模型中,提出了基于敏感性分析的重要能量路徑分離方法,編寫(xiě)了Matlab計(jì)算程序,與已有的結(jié)構(gòu)路徑法相比大大提高了計(jì)算效率。應(yīng)用IO-HLCA模型測(cè)算了建筑業(yè)能耗與CO2排放,并將其結(jié)果與過(guò)程LCA和IO-LCA模型進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,證明了IO-HLCA模型保證了完整的邊界,提高了計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。此外,應(yīng)用IO-LCA和過(guò)程LCA測(cè)算了其他環(huán)境影響。再次,構(gòu)建了完全結(jié)構(gòu)分解模型,將環(huán)境影響的主要因素劃分為列昂惕夫效應(yīng)、強(qiáng)度效應(yīng)、治理效應(yīng)和終端需求效應(yīng),分別代表了廣義技術(shù)因素、環(huán)境強(qiáng)度、治理活動(dòng)和建筑業(yè)規(guī)模等因素對(duì)環(huán)境影響的作用。實(shí)證分析了各環(huán)境影響的主要因素。最后,應(yīng)用基于市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的凈價(jià)法和虛擬治理成本法估計(jì)了環(huán)境影響的貨幣化權(quán)重,進(jìn)行了加權(quán)評(píng)價(jià),進(jìn)一步用污染扣減指數(shù)和相對(duì)“脫鉤”與“復(fù)鉤”概念分析模型分析了建筑業(yè)環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)同發(fā)展水平。結(jié)果顯示:建筑業(yè)環(huán)境影響主要來(lái)自于間接環(huán)境影響,但直接環(huán)境影響所占比例呈提高趨勢(shì);能源占總環(huán)境影響的比例最高,其次是氣候變暖;直接環(huán)境影響對(duì)固體廢棄物和土地占用占據(jù)絕對(duì)比例,對(duì)大氣懸浮顆粒物、其他資源和水也有一定影響;間接環(huán)境影響對(duì)氣候變暖、酸化、光化學(xué)煙霧、富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化、水體毒性和化石能源等環(huán)境影響的貢獻(xiàn)占絕對(duì)比例,對(duì)大氣懸浮顆粒物、其他資源和水資源的貢獻(xiàn)也占大部分比例;總環(huán)境影響對(duì)能源的權(quán)重最敏感,其次是CO2和水的權(quán)重;建筑業(yè)環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)效率呈提升態(tài)勢(shì),處于弱“脫鉤”狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization development, the construction industry in China is developing rapidly, but the construction industry is also facing the great pressure of reducing resource consumption and pollution emissions. First of all, the system boundary of environmental impact research in construction industry is defined as complete environmental impact, including direct environmental impact and indirect environmental impact. It represents the environmental impact of the construction industry itself and the related industry of the construction industry, and constructs the framework of the environmental impact measurement and evaluation of the construction industry. Secondly, An input-output life cycle evaluation model (IO-LCAA) is constructed, and an input-output hybrid life-cycle evaluation model (IO-HLCAA) is improved to measure the environmental impact of construction industry. In the IO-HLCA model, an important energy path separation method based on sensitivity analysis is proposed. Compared with the existing structural path method, the Matlab calculation program is written, and the calculation efficiency is greatly improved. The energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the construction industry are calculated by using the IO-HLCA model, and the results are compared with the process LCA and IO-LCA models. It is proved that the IO-HLCA model guarantees the complete boundary and improves the accuracy and reliability of the calculation results. In addition, other environmental impacts are measured by using IO-LCA and process LCA. Thirdly, the complete structure decomposition model is constructed. The main factors of environmental impact are divided into the Leontiff effect, the intensity effect, the governance effect and the end demand effect, which represent the generalized technical factors and the environmental intensity, respectively. Finally, the paper estimates the monetization weight of environmental impact by using net price method based on market price and virtual governance cost method. The weighted evaluation was carried out, and the pollution deduction index and the conceptual analysis model of relative "decoupling" and "complex hook" were used to analyze the environmental and economic synergistic development level of the construction industry. The results showed that the environmental impact of the construction industry mainly came from the indirect environmental impact. However, the proportion of direct environmental impact is increasing; the proportion of energy to total environmental impact is the highest, followed by climate warming; the direct environmental impact occupies an absolute proportion of solid waste and land occupation, and it has an effect on suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere. Other resources and water also have a certain impact; indirect environmental effects contribute to the environmental effects of climate warming, acidification, photochemical smog, eutrophication, water toxicity and fossil energy, and contribute to atmospheric suspended particulates, The contribution of other resources and water resources also accounts for the majority; the total environmental impact is the most sensitive to the weight of energy, followed by the weight of CO2 and water; the environmental and economic efficiency of the construction industry is in a weak "decoupling" state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.92

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 曹新穎;產(chǎn)業(yè)化住宅與傳統(tǒng)住宅建設(shè)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)及比較研究[D];清華大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1566567