本文關(guān)鍵詞： 歷史建筑密集區(qū) 抗震防災(zāi) 安全體系　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：歷史建筑密集區(qū)是承載著城市歷史和地域文化的集中區(qū)域,具有極高的保護(hù)價值,同時,這些地區(qū)經(jīng)過了漫長歲月的侵蝕,抗震防災(zāi)能力非常脆弱。而中國的地震活動十分廣泛,6級以上地震幾乎遍布全國,自2008年起,中國大陸地區(qū)再次進(jìn)入地震活躍期,強(qiáng)震頻發(fā)。地震在造成大量人員傷亡與財產(chǎn)損失的同時,使眾多歷史建筑密集區(qū)遭受嚴(yán)重破壞,無數(shù)的歷史建筑和歷史街區(qū)遭受滅頂之災(zāi),造成了不可彌補(bǔ)的損失。地震災(zāi)害突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、預(yù)測難度大,雖然無法避免,但可以通過合理的人為干預(yù)將地震災(zāi)害對歷史建筑密集區(qū)的破壞降低到最小。因此,強(qiáng)化歷史建筑密集區(qū)抵抗地震災(zāi)害的能力,提升其綜合防御水平,對保障其持久安全的生存和發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。本研究是國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“基于動態(tài)模擬下的歷史建筑密集區(qū)綜合安全體系研究”(項(xiàng)目號:51178297)課題中的一部分。通過對近年來中國大陸地震災(zāi)害資料的收集整理,結(jié)合我國歷史建筑密集區(qū)的分布特點(diǎn)和抗震防災(zāi)能力現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)性研究,而后通過對日本傳統(tǒng)建造物群保存地區(qū)抗震防災(zāi)規(guī)劃體系的分析和借鑒,提出針對中國歷史建筑密集區(qū)的較為系統(tǒng)和全面的抗震防災(zāi)安全體系,以期為歷史建筑密集區(qū)的抗震防災(zāi)工作提供更加科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)。本文首先對研究所涉及的歷史建筑密集區(qū)進(jìn)行范圍上的界定與分類,明確研究對象,并對抗震防災(zāi)的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)概念進(jìn)行闡述與研究;其次,總結(jié)了地震災(zāi)害發(fā)生的時空規(guī)律,以及地震次生災(zāi)害的誘發(fā)原因和影響因素,對比我國歷史建筑密集區(qū)的分布情況,討論哪些地區(qū)的歷史建筑密集區(qū)更容易受到地震災(zāi)害的侵襲,以及地震災(zāi)害對其造成的損害影響;接著對日本傳統(tǒng)建造物群保存地區(qū)的抗震防災(zāi)體系進(jìn)行研究,通過對日本的防災(zāi)觀、抗震防災(zāi)規(guī)劃法律體系與管理體制、保存地區(qū)的抗震防災(zāi)規(guī)劃體系內(nèi)容的分析論述,總結(jié)出對中國歷史建筑密集區(qū)抗震防災(zāi)的啟示與借鑒意義;而后,根據(jù)以上基礎(chǔ)研究,對歷史建筑密集區(qū)的抗震防災(zāi)安全體系進(jìn)行構(gòu)建,并對災(zāi)害預(yù)防、災(zāi)害應(yīng)急、災(zāi)后修復(fù)及管理體系的具體內(nèi)容作詳細(xì)闡述;最后,以天津鞍山道歷史文化街區(qū)為例,對其街區(qū)歷史文化內(nèi)涵與抗震防災(zāi)安全現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,進(jìn)而建立有針對性的抗震防災(zāi)安全體系。
[Abstract]:Historic buildings are concentrated areas of urban history and regional culture. They are of great conservation value and have been eroded for a long time. The ability of earthquake resistance and disaster prevention is very fragile. However, earthquake activity in China is very widespread. Earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have been almost spread throughout the country. Since 2008, the Chinese mainland has once again entered a period of seismic activity. Strong earthquakes occur frequently. While the earthquake caused a large number of casualties and property losses, it caused serious damage to many historic buildings, and destroyed countless historical buildings and historic neighborhoods. It caused irreparable losses. Earthquake disasters are sudden and difficult to predict. Although they cannot be avoided, the damage caused by earthquake disasters to historical buildings can be minimized through reasonable human intervention. Strengthening the ability of historical buildings to resist earthquake disasters and improving their comprehensive defense level, This research is a part of the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on the Comprehensive Security system in the Historic Building concentrated area based on dynamic Simulation" (project No.: 51178297). Through the collection and collation of earthquake disaster data in mainland China in recent years, Based on the study of the distribution characteristics and the present situation of earthquake resistance and disaster prevention in the concentrated areas of historical buildings in China, the paper analyzes and draws lessons from the analysis and reference of the earthquake resistant and disaster prevention planning system in Japan's traditional building group preservation areas. This paper puts forward a systematic and comprehensive safety system for earthquake resistance and disaster prevention in China's historical buildings. In order to provide more scientific guidance for the seismic prevention work in the historical buildings concentrated areas, this paper first defines and classifies the historical buildings concentrated areas involved in the research, and defines the research object. Secondly, it summarizes the space-time rule of earthquake disaster occurrence, the causes and influencing factors of secondary earthquake disaster, and compares the distribution of China's historical building concentrated area, which is related to the basic concepts of seismic disaster prevention and prevention, and then summarizes the space-time rule of earthquake disaster occurrence, and the causes and influencing factors of secondary earthquake disaster. To discuss which areas with concentrated historical buildings are more vulnerable to the earthquake disaster and the damage caused by the earthquake disaster, and then to study the seismic disaster prevention system in the areas where the traditional building mass in Japan is preserved. Based on the analysis and exposition of Japan's view on disaster prevention, the legal system and management system of anti-earthquake and disaster prevention planning, and the contents of seismic disaster prevention planning system in preserved areas, the enlightenment and reference significance to the anti-seismic disaster prevention system in China's historical building concentrated areas are summarized. According to the above basic research, the seismic disaster prevention safety system in the historical building concentrated area is constructed, and the specific contents of disaster prevention, disaster emergency, post-disaster restoration and management system are elaborated in detail. Taking the historical and cultural district of Anshan Road in Tianjin as an example, this paper investigates and studies the historical and cultural connotation of the block and the present situation of the anti-seismic and disaster prevention safety, and then establishes a targeted anti-seismic and disaster prevention safety system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU984.116

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