本文關(guān)鍵詞： 建筑外立面開口 天然采光 傳熱 自然通風 綜合模型 計算機模擬 Matlab程序　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建筑外立面的開口形式對天然采光、傳熱以及自然通風均有較大影響。傳統(tǒng)上建筑師關(guān)于建筑外立面開口形式的考慮主要偏重于審美角度,隨著社會對能源和環(huán)境問題的逐漸重視,建筑外立面開口形式設(shè)計與建筑室內(nèi)光熱環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系構(gòu)成一個值得深入研究的課題。然而在建筑設(shè)計過程中如何有效的利用太陽能及自然通風并設(shè)計出真正意義上的低能耗建筑對與建筑師而言卻構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)。本研究的目的是從設(shè)計可操作性的角度探索低能耗建筑設(shè)計的形式語言,并依據(jù)建筑方案設(shè)計階段的分析要求,探索進行建筑外立面開口形式光熱綜合分析的高效分析路徑,為設(shè)計階段實現(xiàn)多目標綜合控制提供了有效的途徑。論文依據(jù)建筑方案設(shè)計階段的分析要求,通過對現(xiàn)有天然采光、傳熱以及自然通風理論模型性能優(yōu)缺點的比較,構(gòu)建了適用于本研究需要的光—熱綜合分析理論模型,并利用Matlab軟件開發(fā)了具有互動式操作界面的建筑全環(huán)境自動分析軟件-Datsim,解決了該理論分析模型的操作層面問題。研究利用Datsim與現(xiàn)有模擬軟件的計算結(jié)果以及實驗結(jié)果的比較,為建筑方案設(shè)計階段分析過程的參數(shù)控制制定了一系列操作原則,最后通過1151組的設(shè)計實驗分析從應(yīng)用層面驗證了本研究分析路徑的有效性,并提出了一些初步的設(shè)計控制結(jié)論。研究結(jié)果表明通過采光系數(shù)模型和多區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)空氣流動模型與能耗軟件的耦合計算更適合于本課題對計算精度及效率的要求,而并非通過目前采光及自然通風分析領(lǐng)域最為精確的Radiance模型和CFD模型與傳熱模型進行耦合計算。在利用多區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)空氣流動模型進行建筑外立面開口形式的自然通風分析時,需要采用非均勻的立面風壓系數(shù)作為立面自然通風口處邊界條件,以準確計算立面開口形式及位置的變化影響。對于非均勻立面風壓系數(shù)邊界條件的獲取,本研究經(jīng)過對現(xiàn)有方法的效能分析以及設(shè)計案例的驗證認為：對于具有很強不確定性的建筑設(shè)計方案的分析,CFD法是目前唯一較為有效的方法。針對論文中所構(gòu)建的綜合分析模型,本研究利用Matlab軟件開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的建筑全環(huán)境自動分析軟件DatSim.該分析軟件平臺可以自動建立建筑圍護結(jié)構(gòu)幾何形態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)及邊界條件數(shù)據(jù),調(diào)用Energyplus及Fluent軟件核進行全年的天然采光、傳熱及自然通風的綜合模擬計算,并進行模擬結(jié)果的自動分析和數(shù)據(jù)的聯(lián)動顯示,為本課題進行建筑外立面開口形式規(guī)律的分析打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ),也為計算機輔助建筑設(shè)計提供了有效的發(fā)展途徑。基于DatSim,論文通過對1151種開口形式變化模擬結(jié)果表明面積變化是同時對天然采光、傳熱以及自然通風均有較大影響的設(shè)計參數(shù),在設(shè)計過程中需要細致考慮。從光熱綜合角度考慮,南向窗墻面積比應(yīng)控制在25%到40%之間。北向建筑立面的窗墻面積比為20%左右。在室外無遮擋條件下,當窗墻面積比大于30%時,基本可以不考慮水平位置的設(shè)計變化對天然采光的影響。水平位置變化對傳熱及自然通風的影響基本可以忽略,其采暖及空調(diào)能耗變化幅度均在5%以內(nèi)。在室外存在遮擋條件下,為保持較高的天然采光量,窗體邊緣距離遮擋物的水平距離應(yīng)控制在遮擋物凸出墻體長度的1/2以上。對于垂直位置,南向窗體垂直位置應(yīng)控制在墻體中部,北向立面的窗體垂直位置應(yīng)控制在立面的2/3左右。
[Abstract]:Open type building facade of natural lighting, natural ventilation and heat transfer has great influence on the traditional architect. On facade opening forms to consider the main emphasis on the aesthetic point of view, with the increasing emphasis on social energy and environmental problems, the relationship between the facade opening form between the design and building indoor environment constitute a worthy of further study. However, in the architectural design process to the effective use of solar energy and natural ventilation and design challenges of low energy building in the true sense of the architect and form. The purpose of this study is to design from the operational point of view to explore the low energy building design in the form of language, and based on the analysis of construction project the design stage, explore the effective analysis path of building facade opening form the photothermal comprehensive analysis for the design stage, to achieve multi It provides an effective way of comprehensive control. Based on the analysis of the target architecture design phase requirements, based on the existing natural lighting, heat transfer and the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the performance model of natural ventilation, is constructed in this study the optical and thermal comprehensive analysis model, and developed with interactive operation interface by using Matlab software the building environment automatic analysis software -Datsim to solve the problem of theoretical analysis of operational level model. The comparison between the calculated results and the existing Datsim simulation software and experimental results, for the construction project design phase analysis parameter control process has formulated a series of principles of operation, and finally through the design of experiment 1151 group effectiveness analysis this study analyzes the path to verify the application level, and put forward some preliminary conclusions. The results show that the design of control by lighting The calculation is more suitable for this research on the computational accuracy and efficiency requirements of the coupling coefficient model and multi zone network model of air flow and energy consumption of the software, and not through the current field of lighting and natural ventilation for the analysis of Radiance model and CFD model and heat transfer model for precise coupling calculation. Analysis of natural ventilation in the area of the air network the flow model of the building facade opening form, requires the use of non uniform elevation wind pressure coefficient as a facade natural vents at the boundary condition, to accurately calculate the elevation change on the form and position of the ring opening. For non uniform elevation of wind pressure coefficients of the boundary conditions, this study verified the analysis of existing methods and effectiveness of design case the analysis is that: the architectural design is very strong uncertainty, the CFD method is the only effective needle. Comprehensive analysis of constructing this model, this study uses Matlab software development environment of the corresponding building full automatic analysis software DatSim. the analysis software platform can automatically establish building envelope geometry data and boundary condition data, natural lighting to call Energyplus and Fluent software core for the whole year, calculating the comprehensive simulation of heat transfer and natural ventilation, and linkage automatic analysis and data simulation results show that the solid foundation for the analysis of the subject building facade opening form of the law, but also provides the effective way for the development of computer aided architectural design. Based on DatSim, based on the 1151 opening form change simulation results show that the area change is at the same time for natural lighting, natural ventilation and heat transfer parameters have great influence, need careful consideration in the design process from the light. Comprehensive consideration, the south window wall area ratio should be controlled at 25% to 40%. The North facade of the window wall area ratio is about 20%. No shelter for outdoor conditions, when the window wall area ratio is larger than 30%, the basic design can not consider the change of horizontal location on daylighting effect influence. The horizontal position changes on the heat transfer and natural ventilation can be ignored, the heating and air conditioning energy consumption changes were less than 5%. In the existing outdoor shaded conditions, to maintain a high amount of natural lighting, form edge distance covering horizontal distance should be controlled in the above block material protrusion of the wall length 1/2 for the vertical position. The south, form vertical position should be controlled in the central North wall, to form a vertical position should be controlled in the facade of the facade of the 2/3.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU113.5;TU834.1

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本文編號：1529930