本文關(guān)鍵詞： 建筑外立面開(kāi)口 天然采光 傳熱 自然通風(fēng) 綜合模型 計(jì)算機(jī)模擬 Matlab程序　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建筑外立面的開(kāi)口形式對(duì)天然采光、傳熱以及自然通風(fēng)均有較大影響。傳統(tǒng)上建筑師關(guān)于建筑外立面開(kāi)口形式的考慮主要偏重于審美角度,隨著社會(huì)對(duì)能源和環(huán)境問(wèn)題的逐漸重視,建筑外立面開(kāi)口形式設(shè)計(jì)與建筑室內(nèi)光熱環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系構(gòu)成一個(gè)值得深入研究的課題。然而在建筑設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中如何有效的利用太陽(yáng)能及自然通風(fēng)并設(shè)計(jì)出真正意義上的低能耗建筑對(duì)與建筑師而言卻構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)。本研究的目的是從設(shè)計(jì)可操作性的角度探索低能耗建筑設(shè)計(jì)的形式語(yǔ)言,并依據(jù)建筑方案設(shè)計(jì)階段的分析要求,探索進(jìn)行建筑外立面開(kāi)口形式光熱綜合分析的高效分析路徑,為設(shè)計(jì)階段實(shí)現(xiàn)多目標(biāo)綜合控制提供了有效的途徑。論文依據(jù)建筑方案設(shè)計(jì)階段的分析要求,通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有天然采光、傳熱以及自然通風(fēng)理論模型性能優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的比較,構(gòu)建了適用于本研究需要的光—熱綜合分析理論模型,并利用Matlab軟件開(kāi)發(fā)了具有互動(dòng)式操作界面的建筑全環(huán)境自動(dòng)分析軟件-Datsim,解決了該理論分析模型的操作層面問(wèn)題。研究利用Datsim與現(xiàn)有模擬軟件的計(jì)算結(jié)果以及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的比較,為建筑方案設(shè)計(jì)階段分析過(guò)程的參數(shù)控制制定了一系列操作原則,最后通過(guò)1151組的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)分析從應(yīng)用層面驗(yàn)證了本研究分析路徑的有效性,并提出了一些初步的設(shè)計(jì)控制結(jié)論。研究結(jié)果表明通過(guò)采光系數(shù)模型和多區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)空氣流動(dòng)模型與能耗軟件的耦合計(jì)算更適合于本課題對(duì)計(jì)算精度及效率的要求,而并非通過(guò)目前采光及自然通風(fēng)分析領(lǐng)域最為精確的Radiance模型和CFD模型與傳熱模型進(jìn)行耦合計(jì)算。在利用多區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)空氣流動(dòng)模型進(jìn)行建筑外立面開(kāi)口形式的自然通風(fēng)分析時(shí),需要采用非均勻的立面風(fēng)壓系數(shù)作為立面自然通風(fēng)口處邊界條件,以準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算立面開(kāi)口形式及位置的變化影響。對(duì)于非均勻立面風(fēng)壓系數(shù)邊界條件的獲取,本研究經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有方法的效能分析以及設(shè)計(jì)案例的驗(yàn)證認(rèn)為：對(duì)于具有很強(qiáng)不確定性的建筑設(shè)計(jì)方案的分析,CFD法是目前唯一較為有效的方法。針對(duì)論文中所構(gòu)建的綜合分析模型,本研究利用Matlab軟件開(kāi)發(fā)了相應(yīng)的建筑全環(huán)境自動(dòng)分析軟件DatSim.該分析軟件平臺(tái)可以自動(dòng)建立建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)幾何形態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)及邊界條件數(shù)據(jù),調(diào)用Energyplus及Fluent軟件核進(jìn)行全年的天然采光、傳熱及自然通風(fēng)的綜合模擬計(jì)算,并進(jìn)行模擬結(jié)果的自動(dòng)分析和數(shù)據(jù)的聯(lián)動(dòng)顯示,為本課題進(jìn)行建筑外立面開(kāi)口形式規(guī)律的分析打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),也為計(jì)算機(jī)輔助建筑設(shè)計(jì)提供了有效的發(fā)展途徑�；贒atSim,論文通過(guò)對(duì)1151種開(kāi)口形式變化模擬結(jié)果表明面積變化是同時(shí)對(duì)天然采光、傳熱以及自然通風(fēng)均有較大影響的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中需要細(xì)致考慮。從光熱綜合角度考慮,南向窗墻面積比應(yīng)控制在25%到40%之間。北向建筑立面的窗墻面積比為20%左右。在室外無(wú)遮擋條件下,當(dāng)窗墻面積比大于30%時(shí),基本可以不考慮水平位置的設(shè)計(jì)變化對(duì)天然采光的影響。水平位置變化對(duì)傳熱及自然通風(fēng)的影響基本可以忽略,其采暖及空調(diào)能耗變化幅度均在5%以?xún)?nèi)。在室外存在遮擋條件下,為保持較高的天然采光量,窗體邊緣距離遮擋物的水平距離應(yīng)控制在遮擋物凸出墻體長(zhǎng)度的1/2以上。對(duì)于垂直位置,南向窗體垂直位置應(yīng)控制在墻體中部,北向立面的窗體垂直位置應(yīng)控制在立面的2/3左右。
[Abstract]:Open type building facade of natural lighting, natural ventilation and heat transfer has great influence on the traditional architect. On facade opening forms to consider the main emphasis on the aesthetic point of view, with the increasing emphasis on social energy and environmental problems, the relationship between the facade opening form between the design and building indoor environment constitute a worthy of further study. However, in the architectural design process to the effective use of solar energy and natural ventilation and design challenges of low energy building in the true sense of the architect and form. The purpose of this study is to design from the operational point of view to explore the low energy building design in the form of language, and based on the analysis of construction project the design stage, explore the effective analysis path of building facade opening form the photothermal comprehensive analysis for the design stage, to achieve multi It provides an effective way of comprehensive control. Based on the analysis of the target architecture design phase requirements, based on the existing natural lighting, heat transfer and the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the performance model of natural ventilation, is constructed in this study the optical and thermal comprehensive analysis model, and developed with interactive operation interface by using Matlab software the building environment automatic analysis software -Datsim to solve the problem of theoretical analysis of operational level model. The comparison between the calculated results and the existing Datsim simulation software and experimental results, for the construction project design phase analysis parameter control process has formulated a series of principles of operation, and finally through the design of experiment 1151 group effectiveness analysis this study analyzes the path to verify the application level, and put forward some preliminary conclusions. The results show that the design of control by lighting The calculation is more suitable for this research on the computational accuracy and efficiency requirements of the coupling coefficient model and multi zone network model of air flow and energy consumption of the software, and not through the current field of lighting and natural ventilation for the analysis of Radiance model and CFD model and heat transfer model for precise coupling calculation. Analysis of natural ventilation in the area of the air network the flow model of the building facade opening form, requires the use of non uniform elevation wind pressure coefficient as a facade natural vents at the boundary condition, to accurately calculate the elevation change on the form and position of the ring opening. For non uniform elevation of wind pressure coefficients of the boundary conditions, this study verified the analysis of existing methods and effectiveness of design case the analysis is that: the architectural design is very strong uncertainty, the CFD method is the only effective needle. Comprehensive analysis of constructing this model, this study uses Matlab software development environment of the corresponding building full automatic analysis software DatSim. the analysis software platform can automatically establish building envelope geometry data and boundary condition data, natural lighting to call Energyplus and Fluent software core for the whole year, calculating the comprehensive simulation of heat transfer and natural ventilation, and linkage automatic analysis and data simulation results show that the solid foundation for the analysis of the subject building facade opening form of the law, but also provides the effective way for the development of computer aided architectural design. Based on DatSim, based on the 1151 opening form change simulation results show that the area change is at the same time for natural lighting, natural ventilation and heat transfer parameters have great influence, need careful consideration in the design process from the light. Comprehensive consideration, the south window wall area ratio should be controlled at 25% to 40%. The North facade of the window wall area ratio is about 20%. No shelter for outdoor conditions, when the window wall area ratio is larger than 30%, the basic design can not consider the change of horizontal location on daylighting effect influence. The horizontal position changes on the heat transfer and natural ventilation can be ignored, the heating and air conditioning energy consumption changes were less than 5%. In the existing outdoor shaded conditions, to maintain a high amount of natural lighting, form edge distance covering horizontal distance should be controlled in the above block material protrusion of the wall length 1/2 for the vertical position. The south, form vertical position should be controlled in the central North wall, to form a vertical position should be controlled in the facade of the facade of the 2/3.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU113.5;TU834.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1529930