本文關(guān)鍵詞： 社會福利 老年人居住 福利制度 政策法規(guī) 設(shè)計策略 老年社區(qū) 老年住宅　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當前中國正經(jīng)歷著快速老齡化的深刻變革，在“未備先老”的現(xiàn)實國情下，傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老模式的日漸瓦解和社會養(yǎng)老資源的供需失衡使得老年人居住問題愈發(fā)嚴峻，如何保障老年人有尊嚴地安享晚年，并真正實現(xiàn)“住有所居”成為亟待解決的首要課題。 老年人居住問題不是老年人自身的問題，而是一個社會的縮影。本文突破建筑科學(xué)領(lǐng)域以往從個體需求角度出發(fā)的物質(zhì)空間形態(tài)研究的局限，從社會福利視角出發(fā)，自上而下地對城市老年人居住問題的根本動因、形成機制和解決路徑進行系統(tǒng)性研究。論文首先對社會福利和老年人居住相關(guān)概念及理論作出歸納和辨析，對有代表性國家（地區(qū)）的福利模式特征、老年人居住政策沿革及建筑類型劃分進行國際比較，梳理其在不同福利制度指導(dǎo)下差異化的應(yīng)對策略和實踐路徑，歸納共通的發(fā)展趨勢及經(jīng)驗成果。在理論結(jié)合實踐的基礎(chǔ)上，建立基于福利思想的城市老年人居住對策體系框架，明確各個要素間的必然聯(lián)系及其作用形式。其后，分別從福利制度、政策法規(guī)、設(shè)計策略三個方面針對我國實際情況展開論述。在傳統(tǒng)福利文化影響下，中國現(xiàn)代社會福利制度的“補殘型”特征明顯，，養(yǎng)老主體定位不清是目前存在問題的制度根源。在“適度普惠型”福利改革背景下，本文厘清了老年人社會福利的基本思路，對家庭、國家、市場和非政府組織等養(yǎng)老主體重新定位；通過我國涉老政策法規(guī)的系統(tǒng)研讀，在政策導(dǎo)向與建設(shè)實踐間建立應(yīng)有聯(lián)系，明確我國政策導(dǎo)向的方向選擇，并對起到直接推動作用的居住政策和包括養(yǎng)老保障、長期照護、以房養(yǎng)老等相關(guān)配套政策法規(guī)作出合理化建議；在設(shè)計策略方面，養(yǎng)老設(shè)施布局、道路交通、公共空間等規(guī)劃要素是城市積極應(yīng)對老齡化的重要內(nèi)容。社區(qū)作為老年人居住生活的基本載體，應(yīng)在明確老年社區(qū)規(guī)劃基本原則下，對新建社區(qū)、既有社區(qū)更新及社區(qū)照護等方面加以綜合考慮。通過對設(shè)施類型、設(shè)計標準、居住標準、運營方式的多角度分析，厘清現(xiàn)有規(guī)范中老年住宅的模糊定義，對老年人居住建筑的類型劃分作出合理定位。最后，論文對解決我國城市老年人居住問題的對策建議作出歸納總結(jié)。該研究不僅彌補了我國老年人居住研究體系中宏觀影響要素的缺失，而且為規(guī)劃建筑領(lǐng)域的設(shè)計實踐提供了切實的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:At present, China is undergoing a profound change of rapid aging. Under the reality of "old age before preparation", the disintegration of traditional family pension model and the imbalance between supply and demand of social endowment resources make the living problem of the elderly more and more serious. How to ensure the elderly to enjoy their old age with dignity and to truly realize "living and living" has become an urgent task to be solved. The problem of living for the elderly is not a problem of the elderly themselves, but a microcosm of a society. This paper breaks through the limitations of the study of material space form in the field of architectural science from the perspective of individual demand, and sets out from the perspective of social welfare. This paper systematically studies the basic motivation, formation mechanism and solution path of urban elderly's housing problem from top to bottom. Firstly, the paper induces and discriminates the concepts and theories related to social welfare and the elderly's residence. This paper makes an international comparison of the welfare pattern characteristics of representative countries (regions), the evolution of the elderly housing policy and the classification of the building types, and combs the different coping strategies and practical paths under the guidance of different welfare systems. On the basis of combining theory with practice, this paper establishes the framework of urban elderly housing countermeasure system based on welfare thought, and clarifies the inevitable relation between each element and its function form. It discusses the actual situation of our country from three aspects: welfare system, policy and regulation, design strategy. Under the influence of traditional welfare culture, the feature of "supplement disabled type" of Chinese modern social welfare system is obvious. Under the background of "moderately inclusive" welfare reform, this paper clarifies the basic thinking of the social welfare of the elderly, the family, the country, Through a systematic study of the policies and regulations concerning the elderly in our country, we should establish a proper link between the policy orientation and the construction practice, and make clear the direction of our country's policy direction. And to directly promote the role of housing policies and including old-age security, long-term care, housing old-age care and other related policies and regulations to make rational recommendations; in the design strategy, old-age facilities layout, road traffic, Public space and other planning elements are the important contents of urban active response to aging. As the basic carrier of the elderly's living and living, the community should be established on the basis of defining the basic principles of the elderly community planning. By analyzing the types of facilities, design standards, living standards and operation methods, we can clarify the fuzzy definition of the existing norms for the middle and old age housing, through the comprehensive consideration of the existing community renewal and community care, and through the multi-angle analysis of the types of facilities, the design standards, the living standards, and the operation mode. The classification of residential buildings for the elderly to make a reasonable location. Finally, The paper summarizes the countermeasures and suggestions to solve the residential problems of the elderly in China. This study not only makes up for the lack of macro factors in the residential research system of the elderly in China. Moreover, it provides a practical theoretical basis for the design practice in the field of planning and construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D669.6;TU984.12

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