本文關(guān)鍵詞： 江南園林 聲景學(xué) 主觀評價 設(shè)計策略　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：園林是我國人居環(huán)境的重要組成部分,也是具有人文價值的旅游資源。江南園林作為中國園林的主要分支之一,其聲環(huán)境越來越受到管理者和使用者重視。江南園林本身已包含獨特的聲景營造。然而隨著社會發(fā)展和園林功能性質(zhì)改變,園林內(nèi)外的聲環(huán)境和使用者對園林聲景的主觀評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也發(fā)生變化,需要通過現(xiàn)代聲景設(shè)計加以合理改進(jìn)。如何在保護(hù)園林原始聲學(xué)美的前提下設(shè)計出符合現(xiàn)代使用者需求的江南園林聲景,同時發(fā)掘江南園林傳統(tǒng)的聲景設(shè)計手法來指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)代園林建設(shè),是本文研究的主要著眼點。 本文按照環(huán)境特征將江南園林分為自然山水園和人工山水園兩大類型。為了研究江南園林聲景的普適性特點,選擇杭州、蘇州、揚州三個城市的十個園林作為調(diào)查對象。通過文獻(xiàn)收集、現(xiàn)場勘察、問卷調(diào)查和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計等多種方法,主要從主觀評價角度探討了江南園林聲景的現(xiàn)狀和改進(jìn)方法,從聲景學(xué)三要素角度探討了江南園林聲景設(shè)計手法,并最終整合出江南園林聲景設(shè)計導(dǎo)則。研究主要涉及以下三個方面： 解析江南園林聲景學(xué)三要素�；诂F(xiàn)有聲景影響要素的研究成果,總結(jié)出適宜江南園林聲景的三個影響要素：“聲音”、“環(huán)境”和“人”,闡述聲景學(xué)三要素的具體含義及相互作用,調(diào)研并解析江南園林聲景三要素。環(huán)境要素包括空間環(huán)境和時間環(huán)境,人要素包括人文因素和個人因素,聲要素包括響度和聲源類型,由此形成江南園林聲景客觀數(shù)據(jù)庫。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將聲景設(shè)計分為聲音設(shè)計、環(huán)境設(shè)計和人文設(shè)計三種類型,并總結(jié)了每種設(shè)計類型具體的設(shè)計手法。 構(gòu)建江南園林聲景主觀評價體系。聲景主觀評價是園林中游客體驗的真實反映,分為整體聲景評價和各類聲源單獨評價兩個層次,包括評價指標(biāo)確立、現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)收集、評價體系建構(gòu)三個研究階段。采用聲景漫步和室內(nèi)試驗的形式確立了最終評價指標(biāo)“滿意度”,整體聲景的八組分項語義評價指標(biāo)和各類聲源的三個分項評價指標(biāo),以及評價指標(biāo)的影響因素。采用現(xiàn)場問卷調(diào)查的方式形成江南園林聲景主觀數(shù)據(jù)庫。通過統(tǒng)計分析兩類園林?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),形成整體聲景主觀評價結(jié)構(gòu)圖,聲源功能分類、評價指標(biāo)得分和相關(guān)性。 編制江南園林聲景設(shè)計導(dǎo)則。根據(jù)聲景主觀評價體系和聲景設(shè)計手法,總結(jié)出兩類江南園林的聲景設(shè)計導(dǎo)則。導(dǎo)則分為整體聲景設(shè)計和各類聲源單獨設(shè)計兩個層次。選擇“湖濱晴雨”和“個園”作為兩類園林的案例,詳細(xì)解析園林現(xiàn)狀,并根據(jù)江南園林聲景設(shè)計導(dǎo)則進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計,從而證明導(dǎo)則的可行性。 本文的創(chuàng)新點主要表現(xiàn)在：1)構(gòu)建了“評價指標(biāo)-整體聲景-各類聲源”的聲景主觀評價體系；2)編制了江南園林聲景設(shè)計導(dǎo)則；3)提出了一種基于三要素理論的聲景設(shè)計方法
[Abstract]:Landscape architecture is an important part of human settlement environment in our country, and also a tourist resource with humanistic value. As one of the main branches of Chinese gardens, the garden in the south of the Yangtze River is one of the main branches of Chinese gardens. Its sound environment is paid more and more attention to by managers and users. Jiangnan garden itself has already contained unique sound scene construction. However, with the development of society and the change of garden function, The sound environment inside and outside the garden and the subjective evaluation criteria of the users to the landscape sound scene have also changed. How to design the sound scene of Jiangnan garden in accordance with the needs of modern users under the premise of protecting the original acoustic beauty of the garden, At the same time, it is the main focus of this paper to explore the traditional acoustic landscape design techniques to guide the construction of modern gardens. In this paper, Jiangnan gardens are divided into natural landscape gardens and artificial landscape gardens according to their environmental characteristics. In order to study the universal characteristics of the acoustic landscape of Jiangnan gardens, Hangzhou and Suzhou are chosen. Ten gardens in three cities of Yangzhou are the objects of investigation. Through literature collection, on-the-spot investigation, questionnaire investigation and mathematical statistics, this paper mainly discusses the present situation and improvement methods of landscape soundscape in Jiangnan from the angle of subjective evaluation. From the angle of three elements of soundscape science, this paper discusses the design methods of the landscape sound scene in the south of the Yangtze River, and finally integrates the design guidelines of the landscape sound scene in the south of the Yangtze River. The research mainly involves the following three aspects:. Analysis of the three elements of landscape science in Jiangnan. Based on the research results of the existing factors of acoustic landscape influence, This paper summarizes the three factors that are suitable for the sound landscape of Jiangnan garden: "sound", "environment" and "man", and expounds the concrete meaning and interaction of the three elements of soundscape science, including: "sound", "environment" and "man". The environmental elements include spatial environment and time environment, the human factor includes humanistic factor and individual factor, and the sound element includes loudness and sound source type. On this basis, the sound scene design is divided into three types: sound design, environment design and human design, and the concrete design methods of each design type are summarized. The subjective evaluation system of landscape soundscape in the south of the Yangtze River is a true reflection of the visitors' experience in the garden, which is divided into two levels: the whole soundscape evaluation and the individual evaluation of various kinds of sound sources, including the establishment of evaluation indexes and the collection of field data. The evaluation system is constructed in three stages. The final evaluation index "satisfaction" is established in the form of sound scene walking and indoor test, eight groups of sub-semantic evaluation indexes of the whole sound scene and three sub-evaluation indexes of all kinds of sound sources are established. The subjective database of landscape soundscape in the south of the Yangtze River is formed by the way of on-the-spot questionnaire investigation. Through the statistical analysis of two kinds of garden data, the subjective evaluation structure chart of the whole soundscape and the classification of sound source function are formed. Evaluation index score and relevance. According to the subjective evaluation system of soundscape and the design method of soundscape, the design guidelines of landscape soundscape in the south of the Yangtze River are worked out. This paper summarizes the sound landscape design guidelines for two types of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. The guidelines are divided into two levels: the overall sound scene design and the individual design of various kinds of sound sources. "Lake shore sunny and rainy" and "individual gardens" are selected as the cases of the two types of gardens, and the present situation of the gardens is analyzed in detail. According to the sound landscape design guidelines of Jiangnan landscape, the feasibility of the guidelines is proved. The innovation of this paper is mainly manifested in: (1) constructing the subjective evaluation system of sound scene of "evaluation index-whole sound scene-all kinds of sound sources". (2) compiling the design guideline of sound scene of Jiangnan garden. (3) putting forward a sound scene design method based on the theory of three elements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU986

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