本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市形態(tài)學(xué) 建筑類型學(xué) 形態(tài)類型 形態(tài)特征 演進(jìn) 廣州 住區(qū)　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：以德國(guó)形態(tài)生成研究傳統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)的城市形態(tài)學(xué)研究帶有濃厚的歷史性特征,而以意大利設(shè)計(jì)類型學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的建筑類型學(xué)研究則深刻揭示了各種建成空間之間的類型關(guān)系。兩者是西方認(rèn)知社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變背景下城市形態(tài)演變的重要方法,而且,都從時(shí)空維度進(jìn)行分析,并劃分出各種空間單元或模塊來認(rèn)知形態(tài)的特征。兩者可以通過融合,形成形態(tài)類型分析法。該方法以城市形態(tài)學(xué)的分析性和概念性認(rèn)知框架來理解形態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)與特征(物理性質(zhì)),配合類型學(xué)中演進(jìn)的觀點(diǎn)來審視這些形態(tài)形成與變化的邏輯關(guān)系(人文性質(zhì))。簡(jiǎn)而概之,就是一種“形態(tài)解讀為外,類型認(rèn)知為內(nèi)”的分析法。本次研究的對(duì)象是20世紀(jì)初以后廣州市所建設(shè)的住區(qū)。應(yīng)用的分析法是經(jīng)過調(diào)整的形態(tài)類型分析法,調(diào)整時(shí)結(jié)合了廣州市的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景與歷史資料情況。建筑類型和地平面類型是該分析法的兩大研究要素,通過它們可以認(rèn)知住區(qū)的形態(tài)類型特征。本文分為兩大部分:第一部分為各種住區(qū)形態(tài)類型的特征的分析,即本文的第三章到第五章,三個(gè)篇章按照時(shí)間段劃分,分別是1911到1949年,1950到1979年以及1980至今;第二部分為第六章,分析各種形態(tài)類型在時(shí)空維度上的演進(jìn)規(guī)律。第三章分析了1911到1949年期間,在土地私有制為主的背景下建設(shè)的竹筒屋聯(lián)排住區(qū),青磚大屋住區(qū)、騎樓屋聯(lián)排住區(qū)以及紅墻別院住區(qū)的形態(tài)特征以及其形成特征。前三種是由于建筑類型差異而產(chǎn)生的住區(qū)形態(tài)類型,第四種和前三種在建筑類型與地平面類型上都存在差異。然而,這些住區(qū)都是傳統(tǒng)式建造經(jīng)驗(yàn)的實(shí)體投影,各種類型的住區(qū)形態(tài)能統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)地互相共存。第四章分析了1950到1979年期間,在土地?zé)o償無期使用背景下建造的行列式集合住區(qū),知識(shí)分子住區(qū)以及華僑新村的形態(tài)類型特征。50年代建造的行列式集合住區(qū)與60到70年代建造的存在建筑形式上的差異。而知識(shí)分子住區(qū)是行列式集合住區(qū)的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形態(tài)。華僑新村是當(dāng)時(shí)有且僅有的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)住區(qū),集合住宅與獨(dú)院式住宅都完美地組織在同一個(gè)住區(qū)中。這些住區(qū)是政府導(dǎo)向建造經(jīng)驗(yàn)的實(shí)體投影,具有均質(zhì)趨同的特征。第五章分析了1980年至今,在土地有償有期使用背景下建造的港式庭院住區(qū)、混合住區(qū)、高層花園住區(qū)以及城區(qū)花園住區(qū)。當(dāng)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制被引入到住房建設(shè)過程后,住區(qū)的形態(tài)變得多元化。這種多元化體現(xiàn)在塑造者根據(jù)住區(qū)位置、市場(chǎng)需求、住區(qū)品質(zhì)定位,靈活組合各種建筑類型與地平面類型。各個(gè)住區(qū)之間形成一種多元拼貼的狀態(tài),而這些都是市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向建造經(jīng)驗(yàn)的實(shí)體投影結(jié)果。第六章則分析各種住區(qū)形態(tài)類型的演變規(guī)律。在時(shí)間的維度,定位各種建筑類型,地平面類型,以及由兩者構(gòu)成的形態(tài)類型,并以此為基礎(chǔ)分析出各種住區(qū)形態(tài)類型歷史演變規(guī)律。當(dāng)把各種形態(tài)類型的實(shí)例定位于特定研究范圍之內(nèi),則可以認(rèn)知各種形態(tài)類型在地理位置上的擴(kuò)展情況。通過一些城市更新活動(dòng)的實(shí)例,也可以理解新的住區(qū)形態(tài)如何替代原有的,以及該過程所產(chǎn)生的影響。通過以上分析,基本可以得知近百年來廣州住區(qū)的建設(shè)過程可劃分為三個(gè)形態(tài)類型階段。其中,應(yīng)用了三種居住單元平面形式和兩種地平面類型,而且住區(qū)形態(tài)類型的演變受到西方建造經(jīng)驗(yàn)的深刻影響著。通過廣州住區(qū)形態(tài)類型的實(shí)例研究,也揭示出形態(tài)類型分析法的邏輯要點(diǎn)以及在認(rèn)知形態(tài)生成到演變的積極作用。
[Abstract]:In order to study the morphology of the city forms the German tradition as the foundation with a strong historical characteristic, between research reveals various in Italy design typology based architectural typology of built space. The two types of relations is an important method for evolution of city form the background of the transformation of social economy and the Western cognitive, are from the analysis of temporal and spatial dimensions, and divided into various space units or modules to form cognitive characteristics. Both can be formed by fusion, morphological type analysis method. In this method, analytical and conceptual framework of cognitive city morphology to understand the structure and characteristics of morphology (physical properties), with the evolution of typological point of view the formation of the form of logical relationship and change (human nature). In general, is a form of interpretation, analysis type cognition ". The object of study is the residential area after the beginning of the twentieth Century Guangzhou city construction. Analysis method is used to adjust the types after morphological analysis, combined with the adjustment of social economic background and historical data in Guangzhou city. The building type and plane type is the two major research elements of the analysis, through which they can form the type of cognitive characteristics of residential district. This paper is divided into two parts: the first part is the analysis of various types of live features, namely the third chapter to the fifth chapter, the three chapter according to the time division, respectively, from 1911 to 1949, 1950 to 1979, 1980 present; the second part is the sixth chapter, analysis of the evolution of law of various types in the temporal dimension. The third chapter analyzes the period of 1911 to 1949, mainly in the private ownership of land under the background of the construction of the bamboo house townhouse residential brick house, residential area, residential platoon arcade house The morphology and the walls don't the hospital stay area and the formation characteristics. The first three are residential types due to the difference of the fourth types of buildings, and the first three in the building type and plane type are different. However, these settlements are traditional entity projection construction experience, a variety of the type of residential area can form a unified and coordinated mutual coexistence. The fourth chapter analyzes the determinant of the period of 1950 to 1979, built on land use under the background of unpaid time collection of residential area, residential area and the overseas Chinese village intellectuals form.50 type characteristics built in the residential area and 60 to set the determinant of existing architectural forms built in 70s the difference between the intellectuals. The living area is set high standard form determinant in residential district. At that time, and the overseas Chinese village is the only high standard residential area, residential and residential house are perfectly in the same organization A residential area. The residential district is the government oriented experience of building entity projection, with characteristics of homogeneous convergence. The fifth chapter analyzes since 1980, in the land there is a fee to Hong Kong style courtyard construction period under the background of mixed residential area, residential area, high-rise residential area and Garden City Garden residential area. When the market mechanism was introduced into the process of housing construction, residential morphology has become diversified. This diversity is reflected in the shape according to the residential location, market demand, residential quality positioning, flexible combination of plane type of various kinds of buildings and land. All live a pluralistic collage state forming region, and these are the real projection results market oriented construction experience. The sixth chapter analysis the evolution of all kinds of residential types. In the dimension of time, location of various types of construction, the ground plane type, and by combining the morphological types, and on this base The basic analysis of a variety of live evolution history. When the area types of various types of positioning within the scope of the study of specific examples, it can be extended to various types of cognition in geographical position. Through some examples of city renewal activities, also can understand the new residential form to replace the original, and the effect of the production process. Through the above analysis, the basic can be nearly 100 years of construction of the residential district of Guangzhou can be divided into three types. Among them, using three kinds of residential units and two kinds of plane plane type, and the evolution of residential types by western construction experience a profound impact. The Guangzhou case study area forms, which also reveals the logical points of analysis and types of positive effects in the evolution of cognitive form.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.12

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