本文關(guān)鍵詞： 凈水器 飲用水 氟 羥基磷灰石 吸附　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：氟是人體必需的微量元素之一，但如果攝入量過(guò)多會(huì)導(dǎo)致一類(lèi)總稱(chēng)為“氟中毒”的疾病,表現(xiàn)為氟骨病、氟斑牙等等。長(zhǎng)期攝入高劑量的氟更是會(huì)導(dǎo)致骨骼變形、疼痛，關(guān)節(jié)僵硬、鈣化，行走困難，嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致癱瘓。目前，我國(guó)仍有幾千萬(wàn)人的飲用水氟濃度超標(biāo)，對(duì)人體健康造成嚴(yán)重危害。而隨著生活水平的提高，飲水安全意識(shí)的增加，人們對(duì)飲水安全問(wèn)題更加關(guān)注，迫切需要提供安全、可靠的飲水衛(wèi)生保障。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)龍頭式除氟凈水器的設(shè)計(jì)，，為家庭飲用水除氟提供了一種新型的凈水裝置。并對(duì)其除氟性能進(jìn)行研究，重點(diǎn)考察了溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、pH、共存離子等影響因素，以分析HAP濾材對(duì)氟的吸附規(guī)律，同時(shí)對(duì)羥基磷灰石材料的再生方式進(jìn)行了研究。研究結(jié)果如下： (1)龍頭式除氟凈水器采用了羥基磷灰石過(guò)濾和載銀活性炭抑菌的有機(jī)集成，其凈水工藝：原水→羥基磷灰石過(guò)濾→載銀活性炭→出水，可有效去除原水中的氟化物，抑制微生物生長(zhǎng)，出水氟濃度小于l.0mg/L。 (2)隨著水溫的適當(dāng)提高，羥基磷灰石的吸附量也會(huì)相應(yīng)地增加；而在弱酸性的pH環(huán)境下，對(duì)羥基磷灰石的吸附是有利的；當(dāng)pH=5.0時(shí)羥基磷灰石的吸附容量達(dá)到最大；在60分鐘時(shí)羥基磷灰石的吸附反應(yīng)基本趨于穩(wěn)定；Cl、NO、SO等共存離子相對(duì)而言對(duì)氟離子的吸附干擾并不明顯。抑菌實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，載銀活性炭對(duì)無(wú)菌水的抑菌效果不低于60天。凈水器進(jìn)行連續(xù)過(guò)濾處理，出水水質(zhì)均符合要求。 (3)采用物理、化學(xué)方法對(duì)濾料進(jìn)行清洗，都能產(chǎn)生一定的再生效果。但僅依靠物理清洗只能使一部分污染物易從濾料表面上脫離下來(lái)，但不能使全部污染物去除。最佳的再生方式為在40℃條件下用1%的NaOH溶液的進(jìn)行再生。
[Abstract]:Fluorine is one of the essential trace elements in the human body, but if the intake is excessive, it will lead to a class of diseases known as fluorosis, such as fluorine bone disease, fluorosis, dental fluorosis, etc. Long-term intake of high doses of fluoride will lead to bone deformation and pain. Stiff joints, calcification, difficulty in walking and severe paralysis can lead to paralysis. At present, there are still tens of millions of people in China whose drinking water fluoride concentrations exceed the standard, causing serious harm to human health. However, with the improvement of living standards, the awareness of drinking water safety increases. People pay more attention to drinking water safety and need to provide safe and reliable drinking water sanitation. In this paper, a new type of water purification device for household drinking water was provided by the design of the tap type defluorinated water purifier, and its defluorination performance was studied. The influence factors such as temperature, reaction time, pH value, coexistence ion and so on were investigated. In order to analyze the adsorption of fluorine on HAP filter material and to study the regeneration of hydroxyapatite material, the results are as follows:. The bibcock water purifier adopts the organic integration of hydroxyapatite filtration and silver-loaded activated carbon to inhibit bacteria. The process of purifying water is raw water. 鈫扝ydroxyapatite filtration. 鈫扴ilver loaded activated carbon. 鈫扵he effluent can effectively remove fluoride from raw water and inhibit microbial growth. The fluoride concentration in effluent is less than 1. 0 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). (2) with the increase of water temperature, the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite will increase correspondingly, and the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite will reach the maximum when the pH value is weak, and the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite is the highest when the pH is weak, and the adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite increases with the increase of water temperature. After 60 minutes, the adsorption reaction of hydroxyapatite tended to be stable, and the interference of co-existing ions such as ClONOSO on the adsorption of fluorine ions was not obvious. The bacteriostasis effect of activated carbon loaded with silver on aseptic water was not less than 60 days. 3) cleaning the filter media by physical and chemical methods can produce certain regeneration effects. However, depending on physical cleaning, only some pollutants can be easily removed from the surface of the filter material. However, all the pollutants can not be removed. The best regeneration method is to regenerate with 1% NaOH solution at 40 鈩

本文編號(hào)：1506001