本文關(guān)鍵詞： 盲人 公園設(shè)計 聲景觀 嗅覺景觀 觸覺景觀　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,城市公園中針對盲人這個特殊人群的設(shè)計更多的是放在物質(zhì)的無障礙化和基礎(chǔ)信息的無障礙化上,對景觀的關(guān)注程度有所欠缺。而已有的基礎(chǔ)信息和物質(zhì)的無障礙化,由于設(shè)計、管理和社會意識等方面的原因還存在著形式主義、損毀嚴(yán)重、景觀格局不完整等問題。評價一個社會文明程度的高低之時,其如何對待弱勢群體通常是一個非常重要的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此,盲人弱勢群體的城市公園設(shè)計理論的完善,不僅可以使他們的日常生活逐漸豐富,心理平衡,擺脫自卑感,還可以使他們與整個社會完美結(jié)合,促進全社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定。 本文首先運用文獻資料分析法對盲人能感受到的聲景觀、嗅覺景觀和觸覺景觀進行討論；其次,對盲人進行問卷調(diào)查,分析盲人這個特殊人群的基本需求；再次,運用歸納演繹法將理論分析與問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果相融合,探討出針對盲人的公園設(shè)計方法；最后,通過實例對本文的主要內(nèi)容進行分析論證,為盲人公園的設(shè)計理論提供內(nèi)容和方法的支撐,希望成為他人研究或應(yīng)用的參考,讓更多的盲人可以像健全人一樣,在公園的使用上,享有同等的權(quán)利,使他們的文化生活更加豐富,促進社會和諧穩(wěn)定。 本文通過對針對特殊人群—盲人的公園設(shè)計進行理論及實踐分析,以期得出以下結(jié)論： (1)盲人在心理上主要是對安全性、社交的需求,在生理上是對安靜空間、規(guī)律性空間和較大尺度空間的需求。 (2)無障礙道路布局應(yīng)簡捷、連貫,并設(shè)置盲道和坡道幫助盲人導(dǎo)向和增加安全性。無障礙公共設(shè)施中,衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的無障礙化包括設(shè)計無性別衛(wèi)生間、第三性別衛(wèi)生間或者在-般公共衛(wèi)生間設(shè)置無障礙廁位；通過以語音標(biāo)識為主結(jié)合盲文、具象觸摸標(biāo)識實現(xiàn)信息設(shè)施的無障礙化；木質(zhì)休息設(shè)施受到廣泛歡迎。 (3)盲人對景觀主要傾向于聲景觀與嗅覺景觀,對觸覺景觀的喜好程度明顯低于上述二者；聲景觀的設(shè)計主要為自然聲景的設(shè)計、人為聲景的設(shè)計和對噪聲的控制。嗅覺景觀的設(shè)計要結(jié)合園路、人群停留較多的景觀小品和花境展開,在設(shè)計過程中還要注意不同芳香植物之間的搭配和根據(jù)不同功能分區(qū)配置相應(yīng)芳香植物的問題。觸覺景觀中硬質(zhì)觸覺景觀可以通過不同硬質(zhì)材料的應(yīng)用形成不同形狀、不同溫度和不同質(zhì)感的景觀小品;軟質(zhì)觸覺景觀中水景的設(shè)計主要是考慮安全問題,抬高水面便于盲人觸摸,植物景觀通過形狀特殊的植物葉片、樹皮紋理和果實進行設(shè)計。 (4)結(jié)合國內(nèi)已建成的上海辰山植物園盲人植物園和國外的伊麗莎白及諾娜·埃文斯康復(fù)花園,對本文主要研究內(nèi)容：聲景觀、嗅覺景觀、觸覺景觀、無障礙道路和無障礙公共設(shè)施的設(shè)計手法進行驗證,結(jié)果證明可行。
[Abstract]:At present, the design of urban parks for blind people is more focused on the accessibility of materials and basic information, and the lack of attention to the landscape. Because of the problems of formalism, serious damage, incomplete landscape pattern and so on, such as design, management and social consciousness, etc. When evaluating the degree of civilization of a society, Therefore, the perfection of urban park design theory for blind vulnerable groups can not only enrich their daily life, psychological balance, and get rid of inferiority complex. Also can make them with the whole society perfect union, promotes the whole society the harmony and the stability. This paper first uses the literature analysis method to discuss the sound landscape, olfactory landscape and tactile landscape that the blind people can feel; secondly, questionnaire survey is conducted to analyze the basic needs of this special group of blind people. This paper uses inductive deduction method to combine the theoretical analysis with the result of questionnaire, and discusses the design method of park for blind people. Finally, the main contents of this paper are analyzed and demonstrated by examples. Providing support for the design theory of the park for the blind, hoping to become a reference for others to study or apply, so that more blind people can enjoy the same rights in the use of parks as healthy people. To enrich their cultural life and promote social harmony and stability. Based on the theoretical and practical analysis of the park design for the blind people, this paper aims to draw the following conclusions:. 1) the needs of the blind in psychology are mainly for safety and social, and physically for the quiet space, regular space and large scale space. (II) accessible roads should be simple, coherent and equipped with blind and ramps to help blind people guide and increase safety. In accessible public facilities, accessibility of sanitation facilities includes the design of gender-free bathrooms, The third sex toilet or in the general public toilet set up barrier-free toilet space; through voice identification mainly combined with Braille, figurative touch logo to achieve accessibility of information facilities; wood rest facilities are widely welcomed. 3) the blind people tend to the acoustic landscape and the olfactory landscape, and their preference for the tactile landscape is obviously lower than the above two, and the design of the acoustic landscape is mainly the design of the natural sound scene. The design of artificial sound scene and the control of noise. The design of olfactory landscape should be combined with the garden road. In the design process, attention should also be paid to the collocation of different aromatic plants and the allocation of corresponding aromatic plants according to different functional zones. In tactile landscapes, hard tactile landscapes can form different shapes through the application of different hard materials. The design of waterscape in soft tactile landscape is mainly concerned with safety issues, raising the water surface for the blind to touch, and the plant landscape is designed through the special shape of plant leaves, bark texture and fruit. (4) combined with the Blind Botanical Garden of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden and the Elizabeth and Jonah Evans Rehabilitation Garden abroad, the main contents of this paper are as follows: acoustic landscape, olfactory landscape, tactile landscape. The design methods of barrier-free roads and accessible public facilities are verified and the results show that they are feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU986.2

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