本文關(guān)鍵詞：彩鋼夾芯板房與救災(zāi)單帳篷防火間距的研究　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 防火間距 彩鋼夾芯板房 救災(zāi)單帳篷 模擬

【摘要】：我國(guó)是一個(gè)自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的國(guó)家，每年因?yàn)?zāi)造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失多達(dá)千億元人民幣。災(zāi)害發(fā)生后，為滿足災(zāi)民基本生活的需要，活動(dòng)板房與帳篷是中短期內(nèi)安置災(zāi)民較常采用的方式，當(dāng)板房或帳篷進(jìn)行大規(guī)模組團(tuán)修建時(shí)，組團(tuán)內(nèi)的行與行之間及組團(tuán)之間留置有一定的距離，以供災(zāi)民出行、防火、安全疏散及其它之用。 在實(shí)際修建板房或帳篷組團(tuán)時(shí)，常常發(fā)現(xiàn)就近很難找到足夠多的空曠地方來(lái)搭建臨時(shí)避難所，以至于在臨時(shí)安置點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)人員過(guò)分集中、交通不暢、防火間距不足等諸多現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，較小的間距很容易形成‘火燒連營(yíng)’的場(chǎng)面，以致造成嚴(yán)重的次生災(zāi)害；反之，若防火間距過(guò)大，不僅不易滿足在有限的空地上盡量安置更多災(zāi)民的要求，而且對(duì)土地資源及其它相關(guān)資源也是一種浪費(fèi)。在我國(guó)現(xiàn)存的各種防火規(guī)范中，對(duì)于臨時(shí)房屋安全防火間距的規(guī)定缺乏針對(duì)性與完善性，因此，在過(guò)去板房或帳篷組團(tuán)修建時(shí)，多依照國(guó)外相關(guān)的一些防火規(guī)定及日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行，明顯缺乏科學(xué)性與合理性。 本文在四川省消防總隊(duì)、資陽(yáng)市消防支隊(duì)所提供EPS（聚苯乙烯）彩鋼夾芯板房與民政部12m2救災(zāi)專用單帳篷實(shí)體火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，采用計(jì)算機(jī)模擬的方法，首先分別對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的板房與帳篷火災(zāi)進(jìn)行模擬驗(yàn)證，模擬值與實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量值進(jìn)行比較，平均相對(duì)誤差較小，證明了模擬方法的正確性；之后，考慮到環(huán)境因素對(duì)房屋火災(zāi)影響很大及我國(guó)不同地區(qū)、不同氣候區(qū)內(nèi)氣象條件差別較為顯著的原因，在上述所建模型的基礎(chǔ)上，，改變模擬條件，設(shè)定多種風(fēng)速與環(huán)境溫度進(jìn)行正交組合，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行模擬，分別得出不同風(fēng)速、不同環(huán)境溫度下的彩鋼夾芯板房與救災(zāi)帳篷火災(zāi)熱輻射強(qiáng)度場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)及熱釋放速率數(shù)據(jù)；最后，以模擬數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn)，并參考實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)，采用線性回歸的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法，擬合得出不同風(fēng)速、不同環(huán)境溫度下的板房與帳篷火災(zāi)安全防火間距計(jì)算公式，這些公式的相關(guān)性很好，可作為彩鋼夾芯板房與帳篷組團(tuán)修建時(shí)的科學(xué)依據(jù)，并為后續(xù)相關(guān)臨時(shí)建筑防火規(guī)范的制定及修善提供重要參考。
[Abstract]:China is a country with frequent natural disasters, the economic losses caused by disasters are as high as 100 billion RMB each year. After disasters, to meet the basic needs of the victims. It is often used in the short and medium term to resettle the victims. When the houses or tents are built in large groups, there is a certain distance between the rows and the rows within the groups and between the groups. For victims to travel, fire prevention, safe evacuation and other purposes. In the actual construction of board houses or tents group, often find it difficult to find enough open space nearby to build temporary shelters, so that there is often excessive concentration of people in temporary settlements, traffic is not smooth. When the fire occurs, the small distance is easy to form the scene of "burning even camp", resulting in serious secondary disasters; On the other hand, if the distance between fire prevention is too large, it is not easy to meet the need to resettle as many victims as possible on the limited open space. And the land resources and other related resources are also a waste. In the existing fire prevention norms in China, for the temporary housing safety and fire spacing of the lack of pertinence and perfection, therefore. In the past, the building of board house or tent group was carried out in accordance with some relevant fire prevention regulations and daily experience of foreign countries, which was obviously lack of scientific and reasonable. This paper is based on the fire experiment of EPS (polystyrene) color steel sandwich panel room provided by Sichuan Provincial Fire Protection team and Ziyang Fire Detachment and 12m ~ 2 single tent for disaster relief of Ministry of Civil Affairs. By using the method of computer simulation, the fire of board house and tent under the experimental condition is simulated and verified respectively. The average relative error is smaller than that of the simulated value compared with the measured value. The correctness of the simulation method is proved. After that, considering the great influence of environmental factors on house fire and the obvious difference of meteorological conditions in different regions of China, the simulation conditions are changed on the basis of the above model. Set a variety of wind speed and environmental temperature orthogonal combination, continue to simulate, respectively, different wind speed, different ambient temperature of color steel sandwich panel room and disaster relief tent fire thermal radiation intensity field. Temperature field and heat release rate data; Finally, taking the simulation data as the benchmark and referring to the experimental data, the different wind speed can be obtained by using the linear regression data processing method. The calculation formulas of fire safety and fire prevention distance between panel house and tent under different ambient temperature have good correlation and can be used as the scientific basis for the construction of color steel sandwich panel house and tent. It also provides an important reference for the establishment and improvement of fire-proof codes for relevant temporary buildings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1

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