本文關(guān)鍵詞：液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的有限元分析與參數(shù)優(yōu)化　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 液壓挖掘機(jī) 工作裝置 有限元分析 疲勞分析 參數(shù)優(yōu)化

【摘要】：液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置是液壓挖掘機(jī)各項(xiàng)功能的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度、固有頻率等因素直接影響著液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作性能和工作效率。本文以單斗反鏟式液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其進(jìn)行了靜強(qiáng)度分析、模態(tài)分析、諧響應(yīng)分析與疲勞分析，并對(duì)其參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。 本文首先分析了液壓挖掘機(jī)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及其前景，闡述了液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的工況與可能出現(xiàn)的失效形式，并在Pro/E5.0中對(duì)單斗反鏟式液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的鏟斗、斗桿和動(dòng)臂三個(gè)構(gòu)件建立了三維實(shí)體模型。然后，利用ANSYS Workbench14.5建立了該工作裝置的有限元分析模型，，通過(guò)確定材料屬性、劃分網(wǎng)格、確定約束條件、添加約束和施加載荷，對(duì)工作裝置進(jìn)行了兩種工況下的靜強(qiáng)度分析，求得了鏟斗、斗桿和動(dòng)臂的應(yīng)力云圖、合位移云圖及其三向分位移云圖。 本文繼而對(duì)單斗反鏟式液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析、諧響應(yīng)分析與疲勞分析，得到了鏟斗、斗桿和動(dòng)臂的固有頻率、主振型及其在兩種工況下的頻率響應(yīng)和相位響應(yīng)，同時(shí)得出了在恒幅載荷和變幅載荷作用下鏟斗、斗桿和動(dòng)臂的最小壽命、安全系數(shù)、疲勞敏感性、雨流矩陣及損傷矩陣等結(jié)果。 為了對(duì)液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化，本文對(duì)工作裝置中各構(gòu)件所受載荷與其最大等效應(yīng)力、合位移量、壽命及損傷之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析，從而為挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和形狀優(yōu)化提供了重要的參考依據(jù)。 通過(guò)靜強(qiáng)度分析，得知液壓挖掘機(jī)的鏟斗與斗桿在最大挖掘深度的工況下所受應(yīng)力最大。鏟斗上的最大應(yīng)力發(fā)生在鏟斗與斗桿連接耳板的根部，其危險(xiǎn)的位置為鏟斗液壓缸與斗桿的鉸接處以及斗桿與鏟斗、斗桿與四連桿的鉸接處。斗桿的最大應(yīng)力發(fā)生在前部腹板與下翼板的連接部位和液壓缸與斗桿連接的耳板根部。動(dòng)臂的最大應(yīng)力發(fā)生在動(dòng)臂與動(dòng)臂液壓缸鉸接點(diǎn)處的根部、動(dòng)臂與斗桿鉸接處以及斗桿液壓缸與動(dòng)臂的鉸接處。 通過(guò)模態(tài)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)真正能影響工作裝置的頻率大多都在前三階上。而諧響應(yīng)分析表明除一些特殊點(diǎn)外，工作裝置的穩(wěn)定性均可得到保證。利用疲勞分析，得出了工作裝置的最高和最低壽命循環(huán)次數(shù)和安全系數(shù)。通過(guò)對(duì)工作裝置參數(shù)的優(yōu)化，得到了設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)與各參數(shù)之間優(yōu)化后的曲線關(guān)系、合位移響應(yīng)面、最大和最小等效應(yīng)力的響應(yīng)面等，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了參數(shù)間的最優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The working device of hydraulic excavator is the executive mechanism of each function of hydraulic excavator, and its structural strength. Natural frequency and other factors directly affect the working performance and efficiency of hydraulic excavator. In this paper, static strength analysis and modal analysis of single bucket backhoe hydraulic excavator are carried out. Harmonic response analysis and fatigue analysis are carried out, and its parameters are optimized. This paper first analyzes the development and prospects of hydraulic excavators at home and abroad, and expounds the working conditions and possible failure forms of hydraulic excavators. Three dimensional solid models of bucket, bucket rod and arm of single bucket backhoe hydraulic excavator working device are established in Pro/E5.0. The finite element analysis model of the working device is established by using ANSYS Workbench14.5. By determining the properties of the material, dividing the mesh, determining the constraint conditions, adding constraints and applying loads. The static strength analysis of the working device under two working conditions is carried out, and the stress cloud diagram, the combined displacement cloud diagram and the three-direction displacement cloud diagram of the bucket, bucket rod and moving arm are obtained. In this paper, modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and fatigue analysis of the working device of single bucket backhoe hydraulic excavator are carried out, and the natural frequencies of bucket, bucket rod and moving arm are obtained. At the same time, the minimum life, safety factor and fatigue sensitivity of bucket, bucket rod and arm under constant amplitude load and variable amplitude load are obtained. The results of rain flow matrix and damage matrix. In order to optimize the working equipment of hydraulic excavator, the relationship between the load of each component and its maximum equivalent stress, displacement, life and damage is analyzed in this paper. Therefore, it provides an important reference for the structure optimization and shape optimization of the excavator working device. Through the static strength analysis, it is known that the maximum stress of the bucket and bucket rod is under the condition of the maximum digging depth, and the maximum stress on the bucket occurs at the root of the earplate connected to the bucket and bucket rod. The dangerous position is the hinge of the bucket hydraulic cylinder and the bucket rod and the bucket rod and bucket. Hinges of bucket rods and four-bar linkages. The maximum stress of the bucket rod occurs at the joint between the front web and the lower flange and at the root of the ear plate connected by the hydraulic cylinder and the bucket rod. The maximum stress of the arm occurs at the hinge point of the arm and the hydraulic cylinder of the arm. At the root. The hinge of the arm and the bucket rod and the hinge of the bucket rod hydraulic cylinder and the arm. Through modal analysis, it is found that most of the frequencies that can affect the working device are on the first three steps. The harmonic response analysis shows that the stability of the working device can be guaranteed except at some special points, and the fatigue analysis is used. The maximum and minimum life cycle times and safety factor of the working device are obtained. Through the optimization of the working device parameters, the optimized curve relationship between the design point and the parameters is obtained, and the displacement response surface is obtained. From the response surface of the maximum and minimum equivalent stress, the best among the parameters is found.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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本文編號(hào)：1398738