本文關(guān)鍵詞：建筑工地抑塵劑的制備與研究　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 揚(yáng)塵 木質(zhì)素 接枝共聚 抑塵劑 建筑工地

【摘要】：近年來PM2.5(可入肺顆粒物)一次又一次的爆表,各地都積極的響應(yīng)了關(guān)于治理霧霾的號召。建筑工地在施工的過程中,不可避免的會產(chǎn)生較多的揚(yáng)塵污染源,這些揚(yáng)塵會對人體及環(huán)境造成危害。因此,本文針對適用于建筑工地的抑塵劑進(jìn)行研究。本課題的研究對于當(dāng)下環(huán)境保護(hù)、霧霾防治、綠色施工等都具有十分重要的意義。 本文采用溶液聚合法,研究制備了由木質(zhì)素磺酸鈣和丙烯酰胺接枝共聚形成的高分子聚合物,該聚合物是一種適合于建筑工地使用的具有良好固結(jié)層硬度的水溶性揚(yáng)塵抑制劑。主要原料是木質(zhì)素,它作為造紙工業(yè)的副產(chǎn)品,其附加值并沒有被給予充分的重視。由于開發(fā)和利用的不足,最終成為了一種工業(yè)污染源。木質(zhì)素的接枝共聚能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)其附加值的再利用。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室合成一種高分子聚合物抑塵劑,運(yùn)用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)法確定各因素的最佳配比,并對抑塵劑的性能及使用效果進(jìn)行分析。 論文研究了在抑塵劑制備過程中原料的選擇、合成的方法、工藝的流程、工藝條件的選擇、正交實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)、配比的優(yōu)化、抑塵劑特性、應(yīng)用性能等。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：最佳配比的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件為,木質(zhì)素與水的重量比為為1：25,過多的水會降低抑塵劑的固含量從而直接影響作用效果；引發(fā)劑用量為1×10-2mol·L-1;單體用量為1.4mol/L;反應(yīng)溫度為50-C；反應(yīng)時間為2h。在此最佳的配比下,制得的共聚物保水率達(dá)80%以上,邵氏硬度達(dá)到80HA,能夠抵御模擬自然環(huán)境下的水、風(fēng)侵蝕。通過在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的實(shí)驗(yàn)對于現(xiàn)實(shí)的環(huán)境有一定的借鑒意義。表明此配比下的抑塵劑能夠滿足對于建筑工地的抑塵要求,適合在建筑工地上使用。 論文還對抑塵劑的應(yīng)用特性做了測試。包括強(qiáng)度的測定、粘度的測定、表面張力的測定、電鏡掃描分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：抑塵劑的粘度隨著聚合溫度、聚合時間、引發(fā)劑與單體濃度的變化而變化；表面張力測試表明在固含量為8%時,抑塵劑的表面張力達(dá)到了4.5×10-2N·m-1效果較為理想；通過對電子顯微鏡掃描,分析了照片中反應(yīng)的土樣形貌,說明了在使用了最佳配比的抑塵劑后,隨著時間的推移,土樣固結(jié)層顆粒逐漸緊密,微觀結(jié)構(gòu)顯示,顆粒之間粘接效果明顯,滿足了抑塵的需求。 同時,本文對抑塵劑在當(dāng)下的發(fā)展前景做了簡要說明,在目前的大背景下,多方面的因素促進(jìn)了抑塵劑的發(fā)展。并且從以上抑塵劑的各項(xiàng)表征中看出論文所研究的抑塵劑,能夠滿足建設(shè)工地抑塵的各項(xiàng)需求,且應(yīng)用前景廣闊。
[Abstract]:In recent years, PM2.5 (particulate matter) has exploded time and again, and many places have responded positively to the call to manage haze. The construction site is in the process of construction. Inevitably will produce more dust pollution sources, these dust will cause harm to the human body and the environment. In this paper, the dust suppressant suitable for construction site is studied. The research of this subject is of great significance for environmental protection, haze prevention and control, green construction and so on. In this paper, the graft copolymerization of calcium lignosulfonate and acrylamide was carried out by solution polymerization. The polymer is a kind of water-soluble dust inhibitor with good consolidation layer hardness suitable for construction site. The main raw material is lignin, which is a by-product of paper industry. Its added value has not been given sufficient attention. Due to the lack of development and utilization. The graft copolymerization of lignin can realize the reuse of the added value of lignin. A kind of polymer dust suppressant was synthesized by laboratory. The optimum proportion of each factor was determined by orthogonal experiment, and the performance and application effect of dust suppressant were analyzed. In this paper, the selection of raw material, the method of synthesis, the process of synthesis, the selection of process conditions, the design of orthogonal experiment, the optimization of ratio and the characteristics of dust suppressant were studied. The experimental results show that the optimum ratio of lignin to water is 1: 25, and too much water will reduce the solid content of dust suppressant and directly affect the effect. The amount of initiator was 1 脳 10 ~ (-2) mol 路L ~ (-1); The amount of monomer was 1.4 mol / L; The reaction temperature is 50-C; When the reaction time is 2 h, the water retention rate of the copolymers is more than 80%, and the hardness of the copolymers is 80 HA, which can resist the water under the simulated natural environment. Wind erosion. The experiment in the laboratory has certain reference significance for the real environment. It shows that the dust suppressant under this ratio can meet the requirements of dust suppression for construction site and is suitable for use on construction site. The application characteristics of the dust suppressant were also tested, including strength measurement, viscosity measurement, surface tension measurement, electron microscope scanning analysis. The results showed that the viscosity of dust suppressant depended on polymerization temperature and polymerization time. The concentration of initiator and monomer changed; The surface tension test showed that the surface tension of the dust suppressant reached 4.5 脳 10 ~ (-2) N 路m ~ (-1) when the solid content was 8. By scanning the electron microscope, the morphology of the soil sample in the photo is analyzed. It shows that the consolidation layer particles of the soil sample become more and more compact and the microstructure shows with the use of the best proportion of the dust suppressant. The bonding effect between particles is obvious and meets the demand of dust suppression. At the same time, the development prospect of dust suppressant is briefly described in this paper, in the current background. The various factors have promoted the development of the dust suppressant, and it can be seen from the characterization of the above dust suppressant that the dust suppressant studied in this paper can meet the needs of the construction site and has a broad application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X799.1;TU731

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