本文關(guān)鍵詞：永定客家土樓圍合形態(tài)的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性衍變研究　出處：《華僑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土樓 圍合形態(tài) 環(huán)境適應(yīng) 衍變 多樣性

【摘要】：閩西永定土樓作為世界文化遺產(chǎn)，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直受到學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)注。但到目前為止，既往研究較為重視對(duì)永定土樓的正規(guī)性和典型性，忽視了對(duì)非正規(guī)土樓的關(guān)注。從土樓圍合形態(tài)來(lái)看，學(xué)界也常陷入方形土樓和圓形土樓的簡(jiǎn)單化、抽象化的討論。事實(shí)上，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，永定客家土樓的圍合形態(tài)實(shí)際則表現(xiàn)為豐富多樣的、生動(dòng)的變異形式。 為了深入解析這一現(xiàn)象及其背后所蘊(yùn)含的規(guī)律，本課題以生態(tài)學(xué)知識(shí)為導(dǎo)向，基于環(huán)境適應(yīng)理論、復(fù)雜科學(xué)為指導(dǎo)，運(yùn)用田野調(diào)查、文獻(xiàn)考古、圖示分析以及歸納分析等方式來(lái)開(kāi)展研究工作。研究結(jié)果表明，永定客家土樓圍合形態(tài)在適應(yīng)環(huán)境的過(guò)程中，一方面對(duì)“完形理想”有著堅(jiān)持，另一方面，根據(jù)不同的實(shí)際環(huán)境變化，能否自由地?cái)[脫完形理想的束縛，從而創(chuàng)新出許多復(fù)雜的、“非完形”的土樓圍合形態(tài)。 本課題將從以下幾個(gè)部分來(lái)剖析這一現(xiàn)象及其背后的規(guī)律。 第一部分，背景研究。 先論述了國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于本課題的研究現(xiàn)狀，從總體層面論述了永定客家土樓的圍合形態(tài)。 第二部分，主體研究。 首先，解析了永定客家土樓圍合形態(tài)的完形理想。從傳統(tǒng)民居理想原型以及傳統(tǒng)民居類型的多樣化的矛盾出發(fā)，，基于完形心理學(xué)原理，探究了客家人的圍合理想及其根源。在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)了“完形土樓”（即客家人心中的土樓原型）的基本特征，即封閉獨(dú)立、向心統(tǒng)一、規(guī)則對(duì)稱、高大尺度。客家人理想土樓原型形成的根本原因是移民歷史、家族團(tuán)結(jié)、社會(huì)防御等。 然后，重點(diǎn)從“自然環(huán)境不同”、“社會(huì)文化差異”、“歷史變遷影響”三個(gè)方面，揭示永定客家土樓圍合形態(tài)產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜變異的背后規(guī)律。永定地區(qū)復(fù)雜的地理環(huán)境，如地形、水文環(huán)境、場(chǎng)地等自然要素使土樓的圍合形態(tài)產(chǎn)生了復(fù)雜的變化�？图疑鐣�(huì)文化的多元化也導(dǎo)致土樓的圍合形態(tài)產(chǎn)生了特殊衍變，在儒家文化統(tǒng)治下，客家人非常重視鄰里的和睦、禮制的有序，加上當(dāng)時(shí)商業(yè)活動(dòng)需求復(fù)雜、土樓施工周期長(zhǎng)等因素，以及經(jīng)濟(jì)、民俗信仰、風(fēng)水觀念、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、生活方式等方面的影響，最終創(chuàng)造了大量特殊圍合形態(tài)的土樓。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，土樓的圍合形態(tài)是動(dòng)態(tài)變化的，家族興衰增添了土樓的擴(kuò)建，土樓本身的生命周期也衍生出新的圍合形態(tài)，小家庭對(duì)私密空間的需求也促使了新型獨(dú)戶式土樓的產(chǎn)生。 第三部分相關(guān)討論。 針對(duì)永定客家土樓圍合形態(tài)在適應(yīng)環(huán)境過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的多樣化衍變現(xiàn)象及其背后蘊(yùn)含的生態(tài)學(xué)規(guī)律。本課題組將討論其相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用價(jià)值。從學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值角度看，其中所蘊(yùn)含的生態(tài)文化智慧，是一筆寶貴的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，有待加以保護(hù)。同時(shí)，非正規(guī)土樓的保護(hù)，也應(yīng)該盡早提上日程，而不是僅僅保護(hù)“土樓王”、“土樓王子”、“土樓公主”等典型土樓。從現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用價(jià)值來(lái)看，非正規(guī)土樓在適應(yīng)環(huán)境過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)智慧，也是一筆可以進(jìn)行生態(tài)旅游、生態(tài)教育的文化資產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:The Storied Building of Yongding as a world cultural heritage, has long been a concern in the academic community. But so far, previous studies pay more attention to the formal and typical of Storied Building of Yongding, the neglect of non formal attention. From the earthen earthen enclosure form, simple circles often fall into the square and round earthen earthen. The discussion of abstraction. The author found that, in fact, the actual performance of enclosing form a variety of Yongding Hakka Tulou, variant form of vivid.
In order to analyze this phenomenon and behind the law, subject to the knowledge of ecology oriented, to adapt to the environment based on the theory of complex science as a guide, the use of field research, literature and archaeology, graphical analysis and inductive analysis method to carry out the research work. The research results show that Yongding Hakka Wai patterns in the process of adapting to in the environment, one side facing the "Gestalt ideal" has insisted, on the other hand, according to the actual environment of different changes, can be free to get rid of the shackles of Gestalt ideal, thus creating a lot of complex, "Gestalt" earthen enclosure form.
This topic will analyze the phenomenon and the laws behind it from the following parts.
The first part, the background study.
First, the research status of this subject at home and abroad is discussed, and the enclosed form of Yongding hakka earth building is discussed from the overall level.
The second part, the subject study.
First, analysis of the Yongding Hakka Wai form of Gestalt. Starting from the traditional residential ideal ideal prototype and the traditional dwellings of diverse contradictions, based on the principle of Gestalt psychology, explores the origin of Hakka Wai and ideal. On the basis of summarizing the "Gestalt Tulou" (that is, in the minds of the Hakka Tulou the prototype) the basic characteristics, namely independent and unified rules of symmetry, centripetal, large scale. The root cause of formation of the Hakka Tulou ideal prototype is the history of immigration, family solidarity, social defense.
Then, the focus from the "natural environment", "social cultural differences", "three aspects of historical changes, to reveal the rules behind the" Yongding Hakka Wai form complex variation. Yongding area complex geographical environment, such as topography, hydrological environment, site and other natural elements to form a complex enclosure change the social and cultural diversification. Hakka Tulou has also led to the enclosing form had a special evolution of the earth, in the Confucian culture under the rule of the Hakka people attach great importance to the neighborhood harmony, ritual order, coupled with the fact that the commercial activities demand complex, long construction period buildings and other factors, and economy, folk beliefs, fengshui, war influence, lifestyle and other aspects, and ultimately create a large number of special enclosing form buildings. With the development of the times, the earthen enclosing form is dynamic, the family adds the expansion of the rise and fall of earth The earth itself built, the life cycle is derived from the enclosed form of new, small household demand for private space also contributed to the new family of Tulou is produced.
The third part is related to the discussion.
According to the law of ecology evolution phenomenon diversification of Yongding Hakka enclosed form in the process of adapting to the environment and behind. This paper will discuss the academic value and practical application value. From the academic point of view, the ecological culture contains Zhi Hui, is a valuable intangible cultural heritage. Needs to be protected. At the same time, the protection of the informal Tulou, should also be put on the agenda as soon as possible, not just the protection of earthen king "," earthen Prince "," earthen Princess ". From the practical application value of typical buildings, ecological wisdom of informal Tulou produced in the process of adapting to the environment, but also a can carry out ecological tourism, ecological education and cultural assets.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.5

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本文編號(hào)：1381054