本文選題：低碳住宅 + 增量成本效益��； 參考：《長安大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當前社會環(huán)境越來越嚴峻的情況下,人們面臨著資源枯竭、土地荒漠化、氣候變暖等嚴重威脅,因此改變現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展及社會變化方式,是解決生態(tài)失衡的焦點。低碳建筑在這種大背景下誕生,帶來的不僅是建筑理念和建造方式的變革,更是人們生活理念或生活方式的轉化,形成了建立資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會,實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展路線的長久方針。然而在材料、設計以及建造方式的轉變過程中,成本的增加使得低碳建筑在我國發(fā)展受到一定的制約,尤其對于人們?nèi)粘＞幼〉淖≌?高成本使消費者將之與奢侈品畫上等號,低碳住宅開發(fā)商也背離了“低碳環(huán)�！钡某踔�。因此,本文從全生命周期的角度出發(fā),將增量成本分為四方面進行量化,并將增量效益統(tǒng)一度量,建立包含增量成本效益模型,使人們能夠看到其隱形效益。首先,本文通過對國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進行總結,了解前人對低碳建筑的研究程度,對低碳住宅概念進行界定,再從全生命角度出發(fā),將低碳住宅增量成本分為四個方面,分別為碳排放與碳交易、低碳技術與設備、運營管理及拆除回收期,探討與普通住宅相比產(chǎn)生的增量指標構成。另一方面,從后續(xù)效益出發(fā),將低碳住宅增量效益分為經(jīng)濟效益(直接效益)、環(huán)境效益及社會效益(間接效益),低碳住宅的經(jīng)濟效益主要通過節(jié)水、節(jié)地、節(jié)能、節(jié)材所帶來使用成本的節(jié)省來體現(xiàn),例如:節(jié)能通過電費的節(jié)省來考量。低碳住宅的環(huán)境效益主要通過使用過程中碳排放的減少轉化成標準煤的價值,用標準煤的成本作為衡量標準。低碳住宅的社會效益則通過工作效率的提升所增加的時間或者相關社會費用的節(jié)省來衡量,并根據(jù)相關理論及工程經(jīng)驗提出了量化計算規(guī)則。其次,在前文基礎上,論文創(chuàng)新性的提出低碳住宅的增量成本及效益的價值工程理論,將產(chǎn)生的價值與使用功能的比值作為衡量低碳住宅增量成本與效益的相關性,并同時基于價值工程理論運用熵權法及數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析法(DEA)的混合模型對多項目的低碳住宅價值功能比選做出評價,提供構建低碳住宅增量成本與效益評價體系的方法。最后,通過西咸新區(qū)及國內(nèi)低碳住宅經(jīng)典案例進行驗證,分析該項目低碳住宅的增量成本構成,研究關鍵低碳技術所帶來的效益,并結合實際情況,計算多項目增量成本及效益,確定項目的經(jīng)濟可行性,確定本文中的低碳住宅增量成本-效益評價方法可行,可為低碳住宅項目的評價提供一定的數(shù)據(jù)支持。并根據(jù)前文所判定的相關性,提出政府對應的激勵機制體系建議,促進低碳住宅的進一步推廣。
[Abstract]:Under the increasingly severe social environment, people are facing serious threats such as resource depletion, land desertification, climate warming and so on. Therefore, changing the existing economic development and social change mode is the focus to solve the ecological imbalance. Low-carbon building was born under this background, which not only brought about the change of architectural idea and construction style, but also the transformation of people's life idea or way of life, and formed a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. A long-term approach to achieving the path of sustainable development. However, in the process of changing materials, design and construction methods, the increase in cost makes the development of low-carbon buildings in China subject to certain constraints, especially for people living in housing, high costs make consumers draw the same sign as luxury goods. Low-carbon housing developers also deviate from the original intention of low-carbon environmental protection. Therefore, from the point of view of the whole life cycle, the incremental cost is divided into four aspects to quantify, and the incremental benefit is measured uniformly, and the incremental cost-benefit model is established, so that people can see its hidden benefits. First of all, this paper summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad, understands the previous research on low-carbon buildings, defines the concept of low-carbon housing, and then from the point of view of the whole life, divides the incremental cost of low-carbon housing into four aspects. Carbon emissions and carbon trading, low carbon technology and equipment, operation management and demolition recovery period are discussed, and the incremental index composition compared with ordinary housing is discussed. On the other hand, starting from the subsequent benefits, the incremental benefits of low-carbon housing are divided into economic benefits (direct benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits). The economic benefits of low-carbon housing are mainly through water-saving, land-saving, energy-saving, Savings in the use of materials to reflect the cost, for example: energy savings through the consideration of electricity. The environmental benefit of low carbon residence is converted into the value of standard coal by reducing the carbon emission in the process of use, and the cost of standard coal is taken as the criterion. The social benefits of low-carbon housing are measured by the increase of working efficiency or the saving of related social expenses, and the quantitative calculation rules are put forward according to the relevant theory and engineering experience. Secondly, on the basis of the above, the paper innovatively puts forward the value engineering theory of incremental cost and benefit of low carbon housing, which takes the ratio of value and usage function as the correlation to measure the incremental cost and benefit of low carbon housing. At the same time, based on the theory of value engineering, the mixed model of entropy weight method and data envelopment analysis (DEAA) is used to evaluate the value function comparison of multi-project low carbon housing, and to provide a method for constructing the evaluation system of incremental cost and benefit of low carbon housing. Finally, through the classical cases of low carbon housing in Xixian New District and in China, the incremental cost composition of the low carbon residence is analyzed, and the benefits of key low carbon technology are studied, and combined with the actual situation, To calculate the incremental cost and benefit of multi-projects, to determine the economic feasibility of the project, and to determine the feasibility of the evaluation method of incremental cost-benefit of low-carbon housing in this paper, which can provide certain data support for the evaluation of low-carbon housing projects. According to the correlation determined above, the paper puts forward the suggestion of the government's corresponding incentive mechanism system to promote the further promotion of low-carbon housing.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU241.91;F426.92;F406.72

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 石世平;趙迎亮;崔祥;李月明;;基于AHP和GRA的低碳建筑技術方案優(yōu)選研究[J];建筑節(jié)能;2015年12期

2 雷慶關;李華雙;;低碳建筑的發(fā)展障礙分析及實現(xiàn)途徑研究[J];安徽建筑大學學報;2015年06期

3 孫金穎;尹波;楊彩霞;李曉萍;;建筑領域低碳排放經(jīng)濟激勵政策框架設計[J];建筑經(jīng)濟;2015年03期

4 周杰;李金葉;;發(fā)達國家低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與中國的策略選擇[J];世界農(nóng)業(yè);2015年02期

5 沈良峰;鄧小蕾;唐麗芳;;基于內(nèi)容分析法的低碳住宅政策體系分析[J];建筑經(jīng)濟;2015年02期

6 張曉彤;狄彥強;張宇霞;董美智;;國外發(fā)達國家建筑領域低碳發(fā)展應用模式研究[J];建設科技;2015年02期

7 王翔;;綠色建筑技術在高等學校建筑的應用分析[J];中華民居(下旬刊);2014年09期

8 張會;;低碳經(jīng)濟與中國低碳建筑[J];經(jīng)營管理者;2014年03期

9 劉美霞;龍玉峰;王潔凝;;產(chǎn)業(yè)化方式建造保障性住房的低碳效益分析[J];住宅產(chǎn)業(yè);2012年10期

10 宋凌;林波榮;李宏軍;;適合我國國情的綠色建筑評價體系研究與應用分析[J];暖通空調(diào);2012年10期

相關碩士學位論文 前10條

1 鄧小蕾;基于SCP范式的“低碳住宅”政策體系及其效應分析[D];中南林業(yè)科技大學;2015年

2 馬琛博;產(chǎn)業(yè)化“低碳住宅”建設技術策略及其優(yōu)化研究[D];中南林業(yè)科技大學;2015年

3 劉柏利;碳排放視角下的綠色住宅項目成本效益評價研究[D];山東建筑大學;2015年

4 陳媛;EMC模式下低碳建筑項目風險評價研究[D];蘭州交通大學;2015年

5 許小燕;低碳住宅建筑技術體系及其集成應用[D];北京交通大學;2014年

6 宋天平;產(chǎn)業(yè)化“低碳住宅”成本補償與收益分享機制研究[D];中南林業(yè)科技大學;2014年

7 韓鵬;綠色建筑建造成本控制研究[D];北京交通大學;2014年

8 李美華;低碳建筑技術評估體系指標構架研究[D];北京交通大學;2013年

9 馬睿;城市住宅向低碳住宅演變的研究[D];太原理工大學;2013年

10 楊麗娜;低碳建筑的成本效益分析[D];天津大學;2013年

，

本文編號：1880430