什么是財務會計的本質(zhì)、特點及其邊界?——美國上市公司財務欺詐案件引起的思考
本文關(guān)鍵詞:財務會計的本質(zhì)、特點及其邊界,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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什么是財務會計的本質(zhì)、特點及其邊界?——美國上市公司財務欺詐案件引起的思考
作者:葛家澍
摘要/Abstract為了指明財務會計的本質(zhì)特點,我認為財務報表是財務報告的中心部分,而報表附注、其他財務報告等傳送財務信息方法僅是次要的手段。在財務報表上確認的任何項目,都必須符合四項特征(可定義性、可計量性、相關(guān)性與可靠性)。會計程序包括計量、記錄和報告都必須以確認為基礎(chǔ)。因此,,財務報表的信息可以按真實和公允的要求來描述財務業(yè)績和現(xiàn)金流量。財務會計的基本職能既不試圖提供可能的未來的信息,又不產(chǎn)生非財務信息。財務會計的主要目的是通過它的報表反映一個企業(yè)經(jīng)濟活動及其結(jié)果的真實圖像。結(jié)論:財務會計作為一門學科是歷史科學;作為一項實務是一個信息系統(tǒng),它的任務是為企業(yè)提供歷史的財務信息。
In order to indicate the characteristic essence of financial accounting, the author recognize that financial statements are the central feature of financial reporting and other methods of communicating information such as notes to financial statements, supplementary schedules and other reports are secondary means. Any item recognized in the financial statements should meet four recognition criteria (definitions, measurability, relevance and reliability). Accounting processes including measurement, recording and reporting are all based on recognition. Hence, the information from financial statements may be described as showing a true and fair view of the financial position, performance and cash flow of an entity.
But nowadays, many people feel that notes to financial statements and other means of financial reporting seems to be more important than financial statements. And information from disclosure seems to be more useful than that from recognition.
According to the author’s opinion, such viewpoint is far away from the truth. Financial accounting doesn’t show the sign of financial forecast.
The fundamental functions of financial accounting are neither intended to provide probable future information nor to produce nonfinancial information. The main objective of financial accounting is to reflect the true picture of the economic activities and results of a business enterprise through financial statements.
Here comes the conclusion: As a discipline, financial accounting is a historical science; as a kind of practice, financial accounting is an informative system which function is to provide historical financial information of business enterprises.
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本文關(guān)鍵詞:財務會計的本質(zhì)、特點及其邊界,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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