什么是財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)的本質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)及其邊界?——美國上市公司財(cái)務(wù)欺詐案件引起的思考
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什么是財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)的本質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)及其邊界?——美國上市公司財(cái)務(wù)欺詐案件引起的思考
作者:葛家澍
摘要/Abstract為了指明財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn),我認(rèn)為財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表是財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告的中心部分,而報(bào)表附注、其他財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告等傳送財(cái)務(wù)信息方法僅是次要的手段。在財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表上確認(rèn)的任何項(xiàng)目,都必須符合四項(xiàng)特征(可定義性、可計(jì)量性、相關(guān)性與可靠性)。會計(jì)程序包括計(jì)量、記錄和報(bào)告都必須以確認(rèn)為基礎(chǔ)。因此,,財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的信息可以按真實(shí)和公允的要求來描述財(cái)務(wù)業(yè)績和現(xiàn)金流量。財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)的基本職能既不試圖提供可能的未來的信息,又不產(chǎn)生非財(cái)務(wù)信息。財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)的主要目的是通過它的報(bào)表反映一個(gè)企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動及其結(jié)果的真實(shí)圖像。結(jié)論:財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)作為一門學(xué)科是歷史科學(xué);作為一項(xiàng)實(shí)務(wù)是一個(gè)信息系統(tǒng),它的任務(wù)是為企業(yè)提供歷史的財(cái)務(wù)信息。
In order to indicate the characteristic essence of financial accounting, the author recognize that financial statements are the central feature of financial reporting and other methods of communicating information such as notes to financial statements, supplementary schedules and other reports are secondary means. Any item recognized in the financial statements should meet four recognition criteria (definitions, measurability, relevance and reliability). Accounting processes including measurement, recording and reporting are all based on recognition. Hence, the information from financial statements may be described as showing a true and fair view of the financial position, performance and cash flow of an entity.
But nowadays, many people feel that notes to financial statements and other means of financial reporting seems to be more important than financial statements. And information from disclosure seems to be more useful than that from recognition.
According to the author’s opinion, such viewpoint is far away from the truth. Financial accounting doesn’t show the sign of financial forecast.
The fundamental functions of financial accounting are neither intended to provide probable future information nor to produce nonfinancial information. The main objective of financial accounting is to reflect the true picture of the economic activities and results of a business enterprise through financial statements.
Here comes the conclusion: As a discipline, financial accounting is a historical science; as a kind of practice, financial accounting is an informative system which function is to provide historical financial information of business enterprises.
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本文關(guān)鍵詞:財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)的本質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)及其邊界,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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