本文選題：全球制造業(yè) + 轉(zhuǎn)移　； 參考：《世界經(jīng)濟(jì)研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：過去十余年間全球制造業(yè)重心從發(fā)達(dá)國家向發(fā)展中國家的轉(zhuǎn)移在一定程度上加速了溫室氣體排放量的增長。假設(shè)1995~2009年制造業(yè)重心未從發(fā)達(dá)國家轉(zhuǎn)移至中國,在滿足同等量最終需求的前提下,全球生產(chǎn)過程產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放量增幅將顯著下降。其中,CO2排放量增幅將從67億噸降至41億噸;CH4排放量增幅將從3.4億噸降至2.7億噸;N2O排放量增幅將從1557萬噸降至1156萬噸。通過模擬測算制造業(yè)從中國進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)移至南亞和非洲等欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)對溫室氣體排放的影響可知,該轉(zhuǎn)移將使得全球溫室氣體排放進(jìn)一步增加,年度增排CO2約8.8億噸,CH4約450萬噸,N2O約21萬噸。這是由于與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,中國、南亞和非洲等發(fā)展中國家普遍有較低的能源效率和清潔能源使用比率。而在現(xiàn)行聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架的生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任制度下,這部分額外的溫室氣體減排責(zé)任均需由發(fā)展中國家承擔(dān)。鑒于制造業(yè)重心的轉(zhuǎn)移多由跨國公司主導(dǎo),且相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益均由發(fā)達(dá)國家獲取,因此發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)該更多承擔(dān)這部分額外排放的減排責(zé)任,通過技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移、擴(kuò)大在發(fā)展中國家的低碳技術(shù)研發(fā)和應(yīng)用投資等手段,使得從事制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)特別是低端制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展中國家能夠應(yīng)用更高能效、更低碳的生產(chǎn)技術(shù),以減緩溫室氣體排放增速,控制氣候變暖效應(yīng),實(shí)現(xiàn)全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The shift of global manufacturing center from developed countries to developing countries has accelerated the growth of greenhouse gas emissions to a certain extent over the past decade. It is assumed that the center of gravity of the manufacturing industry in 1995~2009 is not transferred from developed countries to China, and the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the global production process under the premise of meeting the same demand for the same amount. The growth will decline significantly. The growth of CO2 emissions will drop from 67 billion tons to 41 million tons; the growth of CH4 emissions will fall from 3.4 billion tons to 2.7 billion tons; the increase in N2O emissions will fall from 15 million 570 thousand tons to 11 million 560 thousand tons. The transfer will further increase global greenhouse gas emissions, increase the annual emission of CO2 by about 8.8 million tons, CH4 about 4 million 500 thousand tons, and N2O about 210 thousand tons. This is due to low energy efficiency and clean energy use ratio in developing countries, such as China, South Asia and Africa, compared with developed countries, and production in the current United Nations climate change framework. Under the system of person responsibility, this part of the additional responsibility for reducing greenhouse gas emissions should be undertaken by the developing countries. Since the shift of the center of gravity of the manufacturing industry is dominated by multinational corporations, and the related economic benefits are obtained by the developed countries, the developed countries should take more responsibility for this part of the emission reduction, and expand the development through technology transfer. The developing countries engaged in manufacturing production, especially low end manufacturing, can apply higher energy efficiency, lower carbon production technology, slow down the growth of greenhouse gas emissions, control the warming effect, and realize the global sustainable development.
【作者單位】： 首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金委面上項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):71473246) 北京市自然科學(xué)基金委面上項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):9172006)資助
【分類號(hào)】：F414

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 金焱;;全球制造業(yè)的新格局[J];資源再生;2013年08期

2 丁未;;2014全球制造業(yè)的“去中國化”與全民機(jī)器人的時(shí)代開始了[J];國內(nèi)外機(jī)電一體化技術(shù);2014年01期

3 劉潤生;張麗娟;;全球制造業(yè)將邁入新時(shí)代[J];科學(xué)中國人;2013年09期

4 ;全球制造業(yè)巨頭面臨大挑戰(zhàn)[J];珠江經(jīng)濟(jì);2000年01期

5 ;全球制造業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢及我國面臨的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)[J];中國經(jīng)貿(mào)導(dǎo)刊;2004年19期

6 榮宏慶 ,李瑋;全球制造業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢及其啟示[J];企業(yè)改革與管理;2005年02期

7 ;全球制造業(yè)依然表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁[J];IT經(jīng)理世界;2011年08期

8 劉西曼;;3D打印如何改變?nèi)蛑圃鞓I(yè)格局?[J];IT經(jīng)理世界;2012年23期

9 ;3D打印:打響全球制造業(yè)新一輪賽跑[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)導(dǎo)刊;2013年Z2期

10 張]NU，

本文編號(hào)：2109301