本文選題：商品有機(jī)肥 + 現(xiàn)狀分析�。� 參考：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：浙江省經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá),每年需要大量的化肥農(nóng)藥支撐浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。但是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)既要求農(nóng)業(yè)高速發(fā)展,又必須符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo),而化肥農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)土壤的破壞巨大并使河流富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化嚴(yán)重,因此既能代替化肥滿足農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要又能保護(hù)環(huán)境,減少有機(jī)肥肥源污染的商品有機(jī)肥產(chǎn)業(yè)逐漸興起。本文從浙江省有機(jī)肥應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀入手,通過舉例分析浙江省商品有機(jī)肥政策扶持情況,商品有機(jī)肥應(yīng)用推廣資金投入情況和有機(jī)肥技術(shù)推廣情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前浙江省對(duì)商品有機(jī)肥應(yīng)用政策補(bǔ)助按經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)200元/噸、其他地區(qū)150元/噸的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給與補(bǔ)貼。就杭州地區(qū)而言,規(guī)定每噸有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)可補(bǔ)貼30元,銷售商補(bǔ)貼60元,用戶補(bǔ)貼300元。就有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)現(xiàn)狀來看,浙江省有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力比較低,平均不到1.17萬噸/年,有些企業(yè)甚至不到0.5萬噸/年。從有機(jī)肥施用量來看,浙江省商品有機(jī)肥平均每畝的施用量較低,其中杭州市為0.049噸/畝,遠(yuǎn)低于正常有機(jī)肥使用量。就有機(jī)肥施用項(xiàng)目來看,主要施用項(xiàng)目區(qū)有標(biāo)農(nóng)提升、糧食基地、糧食功能區(qū)、蔬菜基地、苗木、竹基地、占補(bǔ)平衡等,主要作為基肥、追肥。緊接著本文運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)和農(nóng)業(yè)局資料分析浙江省商品有機(jī)肥應(yīng)用成效,結(jié)果表明商品有機(jī)肥具有顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會(huì)效益和生態(tài)效益。從經(jīng)濟(jì)效益上看,商品有機(jī)肥能夠提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量、提升農(nóng)作物品質(zhì),進(jìn)而提高農(nóng)作物的價(jià)格,增加農(nóng)戶收入。從社會(huì)效益看,促進(jìn)商品有機(jī)肥使用,能帶動(dòng)商品有機(jī)肥產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。商品有機(jī)肥企業(yè)的建設(shè),一方面將帶動(dòng)就業(yè),另一方將給畜禽產(chǎn)業(yè)的廢棄物實(shí)現(xiàn)污染資源化利用提供前提條件。從生態(tài)效益看,農(nóng)戶使用了商品有機(jī)肥,將減少化肥農(nóng)藥的施用量,減少化肥農(nóng)藥對(duì)土壤、河道的污染。同時(shí)也減少了規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)等畜禽產(chǎn)業(yè)的廢棄物對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞,保護(hù)了生態(tài)環(huán)境。根據(jù)浙江省有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)施用現(xiàn)狀和有機(jī)肥應(yīng)用成效,通過農(nóng)戶調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)分析和對(duì)企業(yè)和農(nóng)戶的訪談,發(fā)現(xiàn)在商品有機(jī)肥推廣應(yīng)用過程中,遇到以下幾個(gè)問題:在政策扶持上,浙江省各地的扶持力度、扶持范圍有所差異,由政策所產(chǎn)生的門檻擋住了中小型的農(nóng)戶和農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)對(duì)有機(jī)肥施用的選擇。政府對(duì)有機(jī)肥的宣傳推廣力度還不夠大,農(nóng)戶對(duì)信息需求比較大。目前浙江省地區(qū)的商品有機(jī)肥企業(yè)產(chǎn)量比較低,有機(jī)肥企業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)落后、產(chǎn)品單一、品質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定。有機(jī)肥施用同樣存在問題,目前不同地區(qū)、不同農(nóng)作物、不同農(nóng)戶使用有機(jī)肥的施用量存在較大差異,有機(jī)肥施用量并不是越多越好,過量施用并不能提高肥料效用,反而增加了生產(chǎn)成本、造成了浪費(fèi),對(duì)于某些商品有機(jī)肥,更有可能對(duì)農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)生危害,污染土壤。最后綜合以上研究結(jié)論提出以下相關(guān)建議:(1)完善法律法規(guī)、監(jiān)管監(jiān)督制度(2)大力宣傳、普及技術(shù)(3)政府基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支持、企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。
[Abstract]:Zhejiang Province is prosperous in economy and developed in agricultural industry. It needs a lot of chemical fertilizer and pesticides to support the development of agriculture in Zhejiang province every year.But modern agriculture not only requires the rapid development of agriculture, but also must accord with the goal of sustainable development. However, fertilizer agriculture has great damage to soil and serious eutrophication of rivers, so it can not only replace chemical fertilizer to meet the needs of agricultural production but also protect the environment.The commodity organic fertilizer industry which reduces the pollution of organic fertilizer source is rising gradually.Starting with the present situation of organic fertilizer application in Zhejiang Province, this paper analyzes the policy support situation of commodity organic fertilizer in Zhejiang Province, the investment in the application and extension of commodity organic fertilizer and the promotion of organic fertilizer technology.It is found that the policy subsidy for the application of commodity organic fertilizer in Zhejiang Province is based on the standard of 200 yuan per ton in underdeveloped areas and 150 yuan per ton in other regions.As far as Hangzhou area is concerned, 30 yuan per ton of organic fertilizer production enterprises, 60 yuan for sellers and 300 yuan for users.According to the present situation of organic fertilizer production enterprises, the production capacity of organic fertilizer production enterprises in Zhejiang Province is relatively low, with an average of less than 11700 tons per year, and some enterprises even less than 5000 tons per year.The average amount of organic fertilizer per mu in Zhejiang Province is lower than that in Hangzhou, which is 0.049 tons / mu, which is far lower than the normal amount of organic fertilizer.According to the application items of organic fertilizer, the main application areas are standard agriculture promotion, grain base, grain function area, vegetable base, seedling base, bamboo base and so on, which are mainly used as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer.The results show that the commercial organic fertilizer has significant economic, social and ecological benefits.From the view of economic benefit, commercial organic fertilizer can increase crop yield, improve crop quality, and then increase the price of crops and increase the income of farmers.From the social benefit, promote the use of commercial organic fertilizer, can promote the development of commodity organic fertilizer industry.The construction of commodity organic fertilizer enterprises will, on the one hand, promote employment, and on the other hand, provide preconditions for the utilization of livestock and poultry industry wastes to realize pollution and resource utilization.From the view of ecological benefit, the use of commercial organic fertilizer by farmers will reduce the amount of fertilizer and pesticide, and reduce the pollution of soil and river channel caused by chemical fertilizer and pesticide.At the same time, it also reduces the environmental damage caused by livestock and poultry industry wastes and protects the ecological environment.According to the present situation of organic fertilizer production and application in Zhejiang Province and the effect of organic fertilizer application, through the analysis of farmer household investigation data and the interview with enterprises and farmers, it is found that in the process of promoting and applying commodity organic fertilizer, the following problems are encountered: in policy support,The degree of support and the scope of support are different in Zhejiang Province. The threshold produced by the policy hinders the choice of the application of organic fertilizer by small and medium-sized farmers and agricultural enterprises.The government's propaganda and promotion of organic fertilizer is not strong enough, and farmers' demand for information is relatively large.At present, the production of commodity organic fertilizer enterprises in Zhejiang Province is relatively low, the production technology of organic fertilizer enterprises is backward, the product is single and the quality is unstable.There are also problems in the application of organic fertilizer. At present, there are great differences in the amount of organic fertilizer used in different regions, different crops and different farmers. The more organic fertilizer is applied, the better, and excessive application of organic fertilizer can not improve the effect of fertilizer.On the contrary, it increases the production cost and causes waste. For some commercial organic fertilizer, it is more likely to harm crops and pollute the soil.Finally, the following suggestions are put forward as follows: 1) perfecting laws and regulations, supervising and supervising system 2) propagating vigorously, popularizing technology 3) supporting government infrastructure and innovating enterprises' technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F426.72;S141

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號(hào)：1754127