本文選題：風能　切入點：利用效率　出處：《東北電力大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：風能資源是一種綠色環(huán)保、可再生的能源,風能資源的高效開發(fā)利用是實現(xiàn)我國綠色發(fā)展、節(jié)能減排的重要舉措之一。風電作為風能資源最有效、最廣泛的利用形式,已成為我國能源結構性改革的重要抓手。目前,我國是世界上風電裝機容量最大的國家,截止到2016年,累計并網容量達到1.49億kW,然而2016年全年棄風電量卻高達497億kW·h,同比增長46.6%,棄風限電問題仍然十分突出,這就不僅導致風電發(fā)展遇到瓶頸,而且造成大量風能資源白白浪費。為了能夠減少風能資源的浪費,使得我國風電發(fā)展穩(wěn)步推進,那么,客觀、全面的對我國風能資源利用水平進行評價和研究就顯得異常重要。目前以“風電利用小時數(shù)”、“棄風率”、“棄風電量”來評價某個區(qū)域風能資源的利用水平。然而在忽視一個地區(qū)的風能特點、電網結構、能源結構、負荷特性、電網運行水平、經濟發(fā)展水平、風電技術水平等影響因素的前提下,這三個指標并不能綜合性的全面刻畫某個區(qū)域的風能資源利用效率。因此,本文從風能開發(fā)、能質效率、技術水平、電網接納、風能消納五個視角全面反映風能資源利用效率,并采用改進型灰靶理論建立了評價模型,創(chuàng)新性的提出一種基于改進型灰靶理論的“風能資源綜合利用率”的概念和評價模型,從而更加全面的綜合評價我國不同地區(qū)風能資源的利用效率。本文之前鮮有學者對風能資源利用效率進行定量的分析,因此,本文又在吸收前人進行效率評價研究和方法的基礎上,剔除風能資源量較小或未有相關統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的省(區(qū))和直轄市,采用DEA模型對我國2014年和2015年的25個省(區(qū))風能資源的利用效率進行測算,并深入分析我國6大區(qū)域性電網風能資源的利用水平、各省(區(qū))變化趨勢及風能資源利用效率的影響因素。有助于從更深層次發(fā)現(xiàn)我國不同省(區(qū))、不同區(qū)域性電網目前在風能資源利用效率方面存在的問題�；谝陨蠈︼L能資源綜合利用效率的分析和利用DEA模型進行的定量分析,并根據(jù)分析結果提出有針對性的對策建議,這不僅有助于了解我國風能資源利用水平的真實狀況,還能為能源決策部門對制定提高我國不同地區(qū)風能資源利用效率的政策提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Wind energy resource is a kind of green and renewable energy. The efficient development and utilization of wind energy resource is one of the important measures to realize green development, energy saving and emission reduction in China.Wind power, as the most effective and widely used form of wind energy resources, has become an important part of energy structural reform in China.At present, China is the country with the largest installed wind power capacity in the world. By 2016, the cumulative grid-connected capacity has reached 149 million kW. However, in 2016, the total amount of abandoned wind power is as high as 49.7 billion kW / h, an increase of 46.6% over the same period last year, and the problem of abandoning wind and restricting electricity is still very prominent.This not only leads to the bottleneck of wind power development, but also causes a lot of waste of wind energy resources.In order to reduce the waste of wind energy resources and make the development of wind power in China advance steadily, it is very important to evaluate and study the utilization level of wind energy resources objectively and comprehensively.At present, the utilization level of wind energy resources in a certain area is evaluated by "wind power utilization hours", "abandoned wind power rate" and "abandoned wind power volume".However, on the premise of ignoring the wind energy characteristics of a region, power grid structure, energy structure, load characteristics, power grid operation level, economic development level, wind power technology level and so on,These three indexes can not comprehensively describe the utilization efficiency of wind energy resources in a certain area.Therefore, this paper comprehensively reflects the utilization efficiency of wind energy resources from the five perspectives of wind energy development, energy quality efficiency, technical level, grid acceptance and wind energy absorption, and establishes an evaluation model by using the improved grey target theory.An innovative concept and evaluation model of "comprehensive utilization ratio of wind energy resources" based on the improved grey target theory is proposed to evaluate the utilization efficiency of wind energy resources in different regions of China more comprehensively.Before this article few scholars carried on the quantitative analysis to the wind energy resources utilization efficiency, therefore, this article again in absorbs the predecessor to carry on the efficiency appraisal research and the method foundation,Excluding the provinces (regions) and municipalities with relatively small amount of wind energy resources or without relevant statistical data, the DEA model is used to measure the utilization efficiency of wind energy resources in 25 provinces (regions) of China in 2014 and 2015.The utilization level of wind energy resources in 6 regional power grids in China, the changing trend of provinces (regions) and the factors affecting the utilization efficiency of wind energy resources are also analyzed in depth.It is helpful to find out the problems existing in the utilization efficiency of wind energy in different provinces (regions and regions) in China.Based on the above analysis of the comprehensive utilization efficiency of wind energy resources and the quantitative analysis using DEA model, and based on the results of the analysis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which are not only helpful to understand the real situation of the utilization level of wind energy resources in China.It can also provide theoretical basis for energy decision-making departments to formulate policies to improve the utilization efficiency of wind energy resources in different regions of China.
【學位授予單位】：東北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F426.61

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