本文關鍵詞： 制造業(yè)企業(yè) 轉型升級 影響因素　出處：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展步入新常態(tài)和資源環(huán)境約束逐漸趨緊,傳統(tǒng)的依靠資源消耗實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟增長的弊端顯露,因此,推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉型升級勢在必行。經(jīng)濟轉型升級依賴于微觀企業(yè)的轉型升級,尤以能源消耗和廉價勞動力為發(fā)展基礎的制造業(yè)企業(yè)的轉型升級更為現(xiàn)實和迫切。在全球分工格局中,重慶制造業(yè)依靠獨特的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢和政策紅利占據(jù)一席之地,為推動重慶經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)做出了重要貢獻。但是,隨著嚴厲的環(huán)保政策出臺和資源稟賦逐步趨緊,重慶制造業(yè)發(fā)展的比較優(yōu)勢正逐漸消失,原有微薄的利潤被攀升的勞動力成本和原材料價格所吞噬。此外,重慶制造業(yè)自身發(fā)展也存在諸多問題,如產(chǎn)品附加值低、零配件制造技術水平不高、自主創(chuàng)新能力較弱等。因此,研究影響重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級的主要因素,對實現(xiàn)制造業(yè)轉型升級和提高制造業(yè)企業(yè)發(fā)展質量至關重要,對推動重慶經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有重要意義�；谏鲜霈F(xiàn)實背景,本文以重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)為研究對象,采用理論和實證研究結合的方法,重點研究影響其轉型升級的因素。(1)厘清企業(yè)轉型、企業(yè)升級和企業(yè)轉型升級的概念,回顧和梳理已有關于企業(yè)轉型升級動因、風險、路徑和衡量的文獻,歸納總結與企業(yè)轉型升級相關的理論。(2)以已有文獻研究為基礎,結合重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)的現(xiàn)實情況,構建重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級影響因素量表和重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級效果評級量表;根據(jù)已有研究和理論基礎,提出本文的研究假設(6個總假設和18個分假設),即經(jīng)營環(huán)境、政府政策、企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)家才能、企業(yè)人力資本和企業(yè)資金積累分別對企業(yè)轉型升級有影響。根據(jù)研究假設構建研究模型,設計重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級影響因素調查問卷。(3)對問卷調查收集到的數(shù)據(jù)進行描述性分析和探索性因子分析,利用結構方程模型實證分析重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級的影響因素。通過實證分析本文得出如下結論:(1)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力對重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級的影響最顯著,是重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級最關鍵的因素,創(chuàng)新能力越強的企業(yè)越傾向于轉型升級。(2)企業(yè)家才能和企業(yè)人力資本對重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級的影響比較顯著,是企業(yè)轉型升級的關鍵因素。(3)企業(yè)資金積累對企業(yè)社會效益的提升沒有顯著的影響,但可以影響企業(yè)核心能力和企業(yè)動態(tài)能力的提升,即企業(yè)資金積累對企業(yè)轉型升級存在較大部分影響。(4)經(jīng)營環(huán)境對重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級沒有影響。(5)政府政策對企業(yè)轉型升級的影響并不顯著,甚至出現(xiàn)了一定的反向作用。為了順利實現(xiàn)重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)轉型升級,本文根據(jù)上述研究結論提出如下對策建議:(1)增強企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力,塑造企業(yè)核心競爭力;緊抓當前新一輪技術革命的浪潮和國家實施《中國制造2025》的機遇,從全球價值鏈的角度重新定位和規(guī)劃企業(yè)的研發(fā)、制造、品牌營銷等環(huán)節(jié),合理引聘高端技術人才和研發(fā)人員,加大研發(fā)投入,提高企業(yè)的研發(fā)能力。把握一切與外資、龍頭企業(yè)交流學習的機會,探索產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的核心技術,增強自主創(chuàng)新能力。(2)提升企業(yè)人力資本,充實企業(yè)智力資源;重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)應建立合理的人才引聘機制,著力引聘高技術人才,用薪資待遇、獎勵福利、企業(yè)文化等物質和情感辦法留下研發(fā)人員;注重企業(yè)自身研發(fā)人員的培養(yǎng),加強與高校等合作,提高本土研發(fā)人員的能力和水平。(3)培養(yǎng)企業(yè)家才能,引領企業(yè)轉型升級;重慶制造業(yè)企業(yè)家應積極參加理論和實踐的培訓講座,提升個人素質;同時企業(yè)家還應注重自身創(chuàng)新意識的培養(yǎng),摒棄安于現(xiàn)狀的消極思想,提高對市場和機會的識別能力;還應根據(jù)企業(yè)的發(fā)展逐步調整企業(yè)的管理模式。(4)政府要適時調整政策,營造良好的政策環(huán)境。政府應制定和出臺完備的知識產(chǎn)權保護政策,嚴厲打擊侵害制造業(yè)企業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權的行為,確保制造業(yè)企業(yè)實現(xiàn)“知識溢價”。政府應制定合理的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃政策,對于投入產(chǎn)出效率低下、環(huán)境污染嚴重的制造業(yè)企業(yè)應督促、引導和鼓勵其轉型升級,對主動淘汰落后產(chǎn)能推動轉型升級的企業(yè)應給予一定的政策紅利;同時,政府要創(chuàng)造有利于企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的政策環(huán)境,可以通過稅收優(yōu)惠和補貼等措施鼓勵制造業(yè)企業(yè)增加企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新投入。
[Abstract]:With China's economic development has entered a new normal and resource and environmental constraints gradually tightened, to rely on traditional resource consumption revealed shortcomings to achieve economic growth and promote economic development mode transformation and upgrading is imperative. The transformation and upgrading of economic transformation and upgrading depends on the micro enterprise transformation and upgrading, especially in energy consumption and cheap labor as a basis for the development of manufacturing enterprises the more realistic and urgent. In the global division of labor, Chongqing manufacturing industry relies on the unique geographical advantages and the dividend policy to occupy a space for one person to create jobs, to promote economic development in Chongqing and has made important contributions. However, with the strict environmental protection policy and resource endowment gradually tightening, the comparative advantage of the manufacturing industry of Chongqing is gradually disappearing the original, swallowed up by the meager profits by rising labor costs and raw material prices. In addition, its development of manufacturing industry in Chongqing There are many problems, such as low value-added products, spare parts manufacturing technology level is not high, the ability of independent innovation is weak. Therefore, the main influence factors of Chongqing manufacturing industry transformation and upgrading of enterprises, it is of great importance for the realization of the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and improve the quality of development of manufacturing enterprises, which is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of Chongqing economy. Based on the above background, this paper takes Chongqing manufacturing enterprises as the research object, using the method of combination of theoretical and empirical studies, focuses on the factors affecting its transformation and upgrading. (1) to clarify the concept of enterprise transformation and upgrading of enterprises, upgrading and restructuring of enterprises, reviewing and combing the existing motivation about upgrading, transformation of enterprise risk, and path to measure the literature summary and the transformation and upgrading of enterprises related theory. (2) to study the literature as the basis, combined with the reality of Chongqing manufacturing industry, heavy construction A manufacturing enterprise transformation upgrade effect rating scale transformation scale factor and the influence of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing; according to the existing research and theoretical basis, this paper puts forward the research hypotheses (a total of 6 hypotheses and 18 sub hypotheses), namely business environment, government policies, enterprise innovation ability, entrepreneur ability, enterprise human capital enterprise and capital accumulation of the transformation and upgrading of enterprises affected. According to the research hypothesis, construct the research model, design of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing influence factors questionnaire upgrade. (3) carry out descriptive analysis and exploratory factor analysis of survey data collected, analyzed using structural equation model, empirical transformation impact the upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Chongqing the factor of enterprises. Through empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: (1) the most significant influence on the innovation capability of enterprise transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing, Chongqing manufacturing enterprises The key factor of the transformation and upgrading, innovation capability is strong enterprises tend to upgrade. (2) affect entrepreneur human capital and enterprise transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing is significant, is a key factor in the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. (3) the enterprise capital accumulation has no significant effect on Corporate Social benefit but, can affect the enterprise's core competence and Dynamic Competence Promotion, namely the enterprise capital accumulation for the transformation of enterprises there is a big part of influence upgrade. (4) did not affect the transformation and upgrading of the business environment of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing. (5) the government policy on the transformation and upgrading of enterprises is not significant, even a reverse effect. In order to successfully achieve the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing, according to the above research conclusion and puts forward the following suggestions: (1) to enhance the innovation ability of the enterprises, to shape the core competitiveness of enterprises; At present a new round of technological revolution and the national implementation of Chinese manufacturing 2025> opportunities, from the perspective of the global value chain re positioning and planning of corporate R & D, manufacturing, brand marketing and other aspects, reasonable engage high-end technical personnel and R & D personnel, increase investment in research and development, improve the enterprise's R & D capability. Grasp all the foreign. Leading enterprises in exchange of learning opportunities, explore the core technology of the production, enhance the ability of independent innovation. (2) improve the enterprise human capital, enrich the enterprise intellectual resources; Chongqing manufacturing enterprises should establish a reasonable talents employment mechanism, to engage with high technical personnel, salary, bonus and welfare, corporate culture and material the emotional way left researchers; to cultivate their own R & D personnel, strengthen cooperation with universities, improve the ability and level of domestic R & D personnel. (3) to develop entrepreneurs, leading enterprises The transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Chongqing; entrepreneurs should actively participate in the theory and practice of training seminars, enhance the personal qualities; at the same time, entrepreneurs should pay attention to the cultivation of their creative consciousness, negative thoughts with abandon, improve on the market and opportunity recognition ability; also should gradually adjust the management mode of enterprise according to the enterprise development (4) government. To adjust policies to create a favorable policy environment. The government should formulate and promulgate the intellectual property protection policy complete, to crack down on violations of intellectual property rights of enterprises manufacturing behavior, ensure manufacturing enterprises to achieve "knowledge premium". The government should make reasonable planning industrial policy, for the input and output inefficiency, serious environmental pollution manufacturing enterprises should supervise, guide and encourage the transformation and upgrading, the initiative to eliminate backward production capacity to promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises should be given the same dividend policy; At the time, the government should create a policy environment conducive to enterprise innovation, and encourage the manufacturing enterprises to increase their innovation investment through tax incentives and subsidies.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F425

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