本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境規(guī)制、勞動(dòng)力再配置及其宏觀含義　出處：《經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)論》2017年02期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 環(huán)境規(guī)制 勞動(dòng)力再配置 就業(yè)創(chuàng)造 就業(yè)損失

【摘要】：本文對(duì)環(huán)境規(guī)制引致勞動(dòng)力再配置的主要路徑及其可能產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)成本進(jìn)行了理論梳理,利用中國(guó)工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)面板VAR模型估計(jì)了環(huán)境規(guī)制帶來(lái)的勞動(dòng)力再配置并分析了其宏觀含義。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)環(huán)境規(guī)制引致的勞動(dòng)力再配置反映為污染部門的就業(yè)萎縮和清潔部門的就業(yè)擴(kuò)張,其宏觀福利含義表現(xiàn)為潛在的失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換成本。(2)企業(yè)進(jìn)入、退出和在位企業(yè)的就業(yè)變動(dòng)是勞動(dòng)力再配置的主要路徑,在環(huán)境規(guī)制的約束下,企業(yè)進(jìn)入引致的就業(yè)創(chuàng)造被顯著抑制,在位企業(yè)的就業(yè)損失明顯提升,被規(guī)制部門的潛在勞動(dòng)力需求下降,宏觀上存在著因解雇而產(chǎn)生的失業(yè)加劇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(3)環(huán)境規(guī)制導(dǎo)致高污染行業(yè)再配置勞動(dòng)力的能力減弱,更多的勞動(dòng)力再配置將在高、低污染行業(yè)間發(fā)生,宏觀上更容易帶來(lái)勞動(dòng)力需求和供給的錯(cuò)配及產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)。因此,促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力需求與供給的靈活匹配是降低環(huán)境規(guī)制社會(huì)成本,同時(shí)推動(dòng)綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型所亟需考慮的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the main path and the possible social cost of labor reconfiguration induced by environmental regulation are theoretically combed. Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises, the reconfiguration of labor force brought by environmental regulation is estimated by the panel VAR model, and its macro meaning is analyzed. The results show that: (1) the reconfiguration of labor caused by environmental regulation is reflected in the employment shrinking of the pollution sector and the employment expansion of the clean sector. Its macro welfare implication is potential unemployment risk and social transformation cost. (2) the enterprise entry and exit and the incumbent labor employment change is main path configuration, under the constraints of environmental regulation, the creation was significantly inhibited by enterprises to enter the jobs from the incumbent, job losses were improved significantly, the potential demand for labor regulation sector decline, macro exists due to the fire the rate of unemployment risk. (3) environmental regulation leads to the weakening of the ability to reconfigure labor in highly polluting industries, and more labor reconfiguration will happen between high and low polluting industries, which is more likely to cause labor demand and supply mismatch and produce structural unemployment on the macro level. Therefore, to promote the flexible matching of labor demand and supply is to reduce the social cost of environmental regulation and to promote the transformation of green economy.
【作者單位】： 環(huán)境保護(hù)部環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究中心;中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院人口與勞動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所;南開(kāi)大學(xué)人口與發(fā)展研究所;
【基金】：中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“工資上漲、要素投入與偏向型技術(shù)進(jìn)步研究”(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):2015M571193)的資助
【分類號(hào)】：F272.92;F425;X32
【正文快照】： 一、引言及文獻(xiàn)綜述 自20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái),面對(duì)日益惡化的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家就開(kāi)始實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境規(guī)制政策。與此同時(shí),針對(duì)環(huán)境規(guī)制可能產(chǎn)生的潛在就業(yè)問(wèn)題及其社會(huì)成本也備受爭(zhēng)論。對(duì)于這一問(wèn)題的回答,有著兩種截然相反的觀點(diǎn)。支持者認(rèn)為,嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境規(guī)制能夠促使企業(yè)最優(yōu)化

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