【摘要】：百合是單子葉植物亞綱百合科(Liliacea)百合屬(Lilium)植物的總稱,是世界重要的園藝觀賞花卉。其花大色艷,姿態(tài)優(yōu)美,品種繁多,是國(guó)內(nèi)外花卉市場(chǎng)上五大鮮切花之一。同時(shí),它也適于園林綠化與盆栽。我國(guó)有著豐富的百合資源,但在百合育種方面才剛起步。與國(guó)外規(guī)范化的百合育種成果相比缺乏具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的百合新品種。現(xiàn)代百合育種方向是將不同品種間優(yōu)良性狀整合為一體,獲得新目標(biāo)性狀百合雜交品種。本試驗(yàn)擬對(duì)收集的9個(gè)LA百合雜種系進(jìn)行倍性調(diào)查,同時(shí)對(duì)部分LA百合雜種系品種與野生大花卷丹Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii Baker進(jìn)行雜交育種,將野生種所具有的優(yōu)良性狀引入栽培品中,并對(duì)雜交組合親和性進(jìn)行分析與評(píng)價(jià)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.對(duì)LA百合雜種系9個(gè)品種進(jìn)行倍性調(diào)查,利用常規(guī)壓片技術(shù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行核型分析。通過分析可知這9個(gè)LA雜交品種均為三倍體,其核型公式為：Cilesta':2n=3x=36 =6m+6sm(6SAT)+15st(6SAT)+9t; 'Couplet':2n=3x=36=6m+6sm(6SAT)+ 18st(12SAT)+6t;'Eyeliner':2n=3x=36:9m(3SAT)+3sm(3SAT)+18st(12SAT)+6t； 'Menorca':2n=3x=36=9m(3SAT)+6sm(6SAT)+12st(9SAT)+9t:'Serrada':2n.3x =36=6m(3SAT)+9sm(3SAT)+12st(6SAT)+9t；'Donau':2n=3x.36=9m(6SAT)+ 9sm(6SAT)+12St(3SAT)+6t；'Desiderio':2n=3x:36=9m(3SAT)+6sm+15st(9SAT) +6t(3SAT)；'Laskmi':2n=3x=36=9m(3SAT)+6sm(6SAT)+15st(6SAT)+6t:'White sourld':2n=3x=36=9m(3SAT)+9sm(9SAT)+15st(6SAT)+3t。其核不對(duì)稱系數(shù)分別為：75.76%、76.33%、75.30%、73.69%、74.81%、71.89%、73.43%、73.10%、71.84%。2.以LA雜種系為母本,大花卷丹為父本進(jìn)行雜交組合設(shè)計(jì),共計(jì)13個(gè)雜交組合,雜交授粉花朵數(shù)為390朵,收獲種子為3164粒。獲得結(jié)實(shí)率高于25%的組合10個(gè)。3.利用熒光電子顯微技術(shù)對(duì)大花卷丹自交授粉和LA雜種系的'California’×大花卷丹雜交授粉后的花粉管行為進(jìn)行觀察,LA與大花卷丹雜交存在一定障礙,大花卷丹的花粉可以在LA百合雜種系的柱頭上萌發(fā),但花粉萌發(fā)滯后,花粉管伸長(zhǎng)速度慢,難以在48h內(nèi)伸入子房到達(dá)胚囊完成受精。但雜交后仍可獲得有胚種子。而大花卷丹自交,花粉萌發(fā)速度快,花粉管可以在48h-72h內(nèi)伸入子房完成受精。
[Abstract]:Lily is a general name of (Lilium), a monocotyledonous plant, (Liliacea) Liliaceae. It is an important horticultural ornamental flower in the world. Its flowers are bright, beautiful posture, a wide variety, is one of the five fresh cut flowers in the flower market at home and abroad. At the same time, it is also suitable for landscaping and potting. China is rich in lily resources, but it has just started in lily breeding. Compared with the foreign standardized lily breeding results, there is a lack of new lily varieties with independent intellectual property rights. The breeding direction of modern lily is to integrate the excellent characters among different varieties and obtain the new target characters of lily hybrid varieties. In this experiment, the ploidy of 9 LA lily hybrid lines collected was investigated, and some LA lily hybrid lines and wild Dahuadan Lilium leichtlinii var. were also investigated. Maximowiczii Baker was used for cross breeding, and the excellent characters of wild species were introduced into the cultivated products, and the affinity of hybrid combinations was analyzed and evaluated. The main results are as follows: 1. The ploidy of 9 hybrid lines of LA lily was investigated and their karyotype was analyzed by conventional tablet pressing technique. The karyotype formula of the nine LA hybrid varieties was as follows: Cilesta':2n=3x=36 = 6m 6sm (6SAT) 15st (6SAT) 9t, 'Couplet':2n=3x=36=6m 6sm (6SAT) 18st (12SAT) 6t 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2503001