【摘要】：由于生物剽竊導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)持有者所受的損害,即便在經(jīng)濟(jì)上可以救濟(jì),文化的損失卻難以彌補(bǔ)。當(dāng)今主要的保護(hù)模式有兩大類:第一類為以現(xiàn)今知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度保護(hù)地方社群傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的權(quán)益,此為積極性保護(hù)模式;第二類為通過建構(gòu)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的模式將各種形式的知識(shí)或資訊予以記錄,以便各國(guó)專利審查員查詢,避免不良專利之授予,此類模式稱為消極保護(hù)模式。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),我們應(yīng)將發(fā)展重點(diǎn)置于傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)防御性保護(hù)措施之上,構(gòu)建具有中國(guó)特色、符合當(dāng)今我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)程的傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。為此,如何做好文獻(xiàn)收集與整理等前序化工作,并將傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)作為在先技術(shù)錄入,構(gòu)建出我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的基本雛形,是本論文探究的價(jià)值所在。同時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)同其他傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)持有國(guó)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,以期為我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的構(gòu)建提供具有一定參考價(jià)值之法律制度層面的信息。其中,傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的模式選擇是尤為重要的。積極性保護(hù)模式可以賦予傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)持有者專屬的排他性權(quán)利,但國(guó)際上并沒有以知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的具體實(shí)施辦法及案例,因此傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的積極保護(hù)模式還需要我國(guó)通過自主完善,才能發(fā)揮巨大的積極作用。而理論依據(jù)為在先技術(shù)的消極保護(hù)模式,其職能為防止傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)遭剽竊,或避免基于傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的創(chuàng)造重新申請(qǐng)專利保護(hù)。積極保護(hù)模式與消極保護(hù)模式二者雖屬不同方向,但二者都以知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為理論基礎(chǔ),因此二者并不存在傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)保護(hù)上的沖突。筆者認(rèn)為,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)以知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律法規(guī)的完善為制度保障,通過對(duì)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的具體構(gòu)建,依法強(qiáng)化傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的排他性權(quán)利,以期形成積極保護(hù)模式與消極保護(hù)模式的有序合并。
[Abstract]:The damage to traditional knowledge holders caused by bioplagiarism is irreparable even if it is financially available. There are two main protection modes at present: the first one is to protect the rights and interests of traditional knowledge of local communities based on the present intellectual property system, which is the positive protection mode; The second one is to record all kinds of knowledge or information by constructing the traditional knowledge database, so that patent examiners can inquire and avoid the granting of bad patents. This kind of pattern is called negative protection model. It is found that we should put the emphasis on the defensive protection measures of traditional knowledge and construct the traditional knowledge database with Chinese characteristics and in line with the development of social and economic development in our country. Therefore, how to do a good job of literature collection and collation, input traditional knowledge as the first technology, and construct the basic embryonic form of Chinese traditional knowledge database is the value of this paper. At the same time, the database of other traditional knowledge holders should be compared and analyzed in order to provide some reference information for the construction of traditional knowledge database of our country at the level of legal system. Among them, the mode choice of traditional knowledge database is particularly important. The positive protection model may confer exclusive and exclusive rights on the holders of traditional knowledge, but there are no concrete implementation methods and cases for the protection of traditional knowledge with intellectual property rights at the international level, Therefore, the active protection mode of traditional knowledge also needs to be perfected by our own, in order to play a huge positive role. The theory is based on the passive protection mode of pre-technology, and its function is to prevent the plagiarism of traditional knowledge, or to avoid re-applying for patent protection based on the creation of traditional knowledge. Although the positive protection mode and the negative protection mode belong to different directions, both of them are based on intellectual property rights. Therefore, there is no conflict in the protection of traditional knowledge between the two models. The author thinks that our country should take the perfection of intellectual property rights laws and regulations as the system guarantee, strengthen the exclusive right of traditional knowledge according to law through the concrete construction of traditional knowledge database. In order to form an orderly combination of positive protection mode and negative protection mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D923.4

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