【摘要】：無(wú)論是從我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的現(xiàn)實(shí),還是從國(guó)外農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度發(fā)展的實(shí)踐來(lái)看,在公共品供給理論視角下進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)是一項(xiàng)極具現(xiàn)實(shí)意義與緊迫性的重要課題。目前已有的研究多是針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度的研究。主要涉及法學(xué)領(lǐng)域,關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度研究知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的文獻(xiàn)還不多,特別是農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)更是少之又少。在我國(guó),無(wú)論是政府還是學(xué)者,運(yùn)用公共品供給理論對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)進(jìn)行研究現(xiàn)在看還屬于空白。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)作為一種無(wú)形財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán),在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上表現(xiàn)為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資源,資源優(yōu)化配置的目的就是最大限度的減少宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)浪費(fèi)和實(shí)現(xiàn)福利最大化�；诖�,本文應(yīng)用制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、博弈論的相關(guān)理論,用公共品供給理論的視角,對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)進(jìn)行理論和實(shí)證的分析。 理論層面上,厘清了一般意義上的農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和公共品視角下的農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是私權(quán),它的特征是獨(dú)占性和排他性,但是我國(guó)小農(nóng)國(guó)家的歷史、農(nóng)戶分散經(jīng)營(yíng)的現(xiàn)狀,決定了農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的特殊性,在現(xiàn)有國(guó)情下,必須把農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)整體當(dāng)做公共品進(jìn)行供給,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置的最優(yōu)化。在這個(gè)前提下,提出了農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)政府供給、經(jīng)濟(jì)組織供給、非經(jīng)濟(jì)組織供給三種模式,農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的有效供給應(yīng)是在政府供給的主導(dǎo)下,通過(guò)三種模式之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)配合而實(shí)現(xiàn)。 實(shí)證層面上,通過(guò)認(rèn)真吸收借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)問(wèn)題的科研成果,深刻剖析我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)存在的問(wèn)題,在分析其產(chǎn)生原因的基礎(chǔ)上,以農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)保護(hù)為例,就我國(guó)如何加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù),提出切實(shí)可行的對(duì)策措施。 本文拓展了農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的研究視角,所提出將農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)作為公共品進(jìn)行供給的觀點(diǎn)及供給模式的選擇,對(duì)于解決中國(guó)目前農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面存在的問(wèn)題將提供有益的啟示。
[Abstract]:Not only from the reality of the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights in China, but also from the practice of the development of the agricultural intellectual property rights system in foreign countries. From the perspective of public goods supply theory, the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights is an important task of great practical significance and urgency. At present, most of the existing research is aimed at the protection system of agricultural intellectual property rights. Mainly concerned with the field of law, there are few literatures on intellectual property protection, especially the protection of agricultural intellectual property. In our country, whether the government or scholars, the use of public goods supply theory on the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights is still blank. Intellectual property, as an intangible property right, is an economic resource in economics. The purpose of optimal allocation of resources is to minimize macroeconomic waste and maximize welfare. Based on this, this paper applies the relevant theories of institutional economics, welfare economics and game theory to analyze the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights theoretically and empirically from the perspective of public goods supply theory. On the theoretical level, it clarifies the differences and relations between agricultural intellectual property protection in general sense and agricultural intellectual property protection in the perspective of public goods. Intellectual property rights are private rights, which are characterized by exclusivity and exclusiveness. However, the history of China's smallholder countries and the present situation of decentralized management of farmers determine the particularity of the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights. Under the existing national conditions, agricultural intellectual property rights as a whole must be supplied as public goods. In order to achieve the optimal allocation of resources. Under this premise, the paper puts forward three modes of agricultural intellectual property rights protection: government supply, economic organization supply and non-economic organization supply. The effective supply of agricultural intellectual property should be dominated by government supply. Through the three modes of coordination and coordination between the realization. On the empirical level, through absorbing the scientific research achievements of agricultural intellectual property protection at home and abroad, deeply analyzing the problems existing in the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights in China, taking the agricultural machinery technology protection as an example, on the basis of analyzing the causes of agricultural intellectual property rights protection, this paper takes the agricultural machinery technology protection as an example. On how to strengthen the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights in China, put forward practical countermeasures. This paper expands the research angle of agricultural intellectual property protection, and puts forward the viewpoint of agricultural intellectual property protection as public goods and the choice of supply mode. It will provide beneficial enlightenment for solving the problems existing in the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F204

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