專利強制許可啟動程序研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-12 17:17
【摘要】：專利強制許可啟動程序是專利制度中重要的組成部分，在專利法中起著非常重要的作用，它有利于防止專利權的濫用，促進專利技術的推廣運用，并且能夠很好的平衡私人利益和公共利益之間的關系。專利強制許可制度在中國也由來已久，早在1984年頒布的《專利法》中就對其進行了規(guī)定，后來經過1992年、2000年及2008年三次全面修訂，專利強制許可制度日趨成熟。2012年3月國家知識產權局又頒布了《專利實施強制許可辦法》，專門規(guī)定了專利強制許可的提出、受理、審查和決定等程序，這些法律文件形成了我國現有的專利強制許可制度體系。從總體上來看，我國非常重視專利強制許可制度的法律規(guī)定，并且理論研究也有所深入。但是到目前為止，，我國并沒有成功啟動過一次專利強制許可程序的案例，甚至連正式申請強制許可的案例都不曾公開報道過。即便是在2003年中國非典肆虐的時期，在公共健康受到嚴重威脅的情況下也未能啟動該程序，我國的專利強制許可制度似乎一直都沒有發(fā)揮其應有的作用，這無疑是與強制許可制度設立的初衷相違背的。在現代社會，科技發(fā)展迅速，專利產品越來越多，與此同時，我國也面臨著嚴重的公共健康危機，特別是面臨發(fā)達國家的“專利壟斷”、“專利圍攻”，專利強制許可啟動程序的作用顯得愈發(fā)重要。我們有適用專利強制許可的迫切需要，卻無法啟動已經存在的強制許可程序，這迫使我們必須積極探尋有效的途徑來解決目前法律所面臨的困境。本文就是在這一背景下對專利強制許可啟動程序制度進行了系統的研究和分析。 本文除引言之外共分為四個部分。第一部分主要介紹了專利強制許可啟動程序的正當性。首先從法理學和經濟分析法學角度分析了專利強制許可制度的理論依據，其設置的目的滿足社會公共利益的需求，并且運用成本和效益的原則對此制度為社會帶來的影響進行了分析；其次分別從《專利法》和《專利實施強制許可辦法》介紹了專利強制許可制度的立法目的，都是為了鼓勵科學技術的創(chuàng)新和競爭，推廣專利技術的運用；最后對國內一些案例進行分析，認為適時啟動專利強制許可程序是必要的，并且總結國外頻繁啟動該程序的經驗，指出專利強制許可啟動程序對于我國專利實施有著非常重要的意義。 第二部分主要介紹了專利強制許可啟動程序在我國存在的問題及其未能啟動的原因。專利強制許可啟動程序在立法上存在一些技術性漏洞及其法律立法位階較低，使其在實踐中缺乏可操作性，加之我國在知識產權領域面臨著來自美國等發(fā)達國家的巨大壓力，導致我國啟動專利強制許可程序有著一定的困難和阻礙。 第三部分主要介紹了國外專利強制許可啟動程序制度的立法借鑒。分別從國際法層面、發(fā)達國家國內法層面、發(fā)展中國家國內法層面對專利強制許可啟動程序進行了分析，我們需要借鑒和學習發(fā)達國家一些先進的法律制度和實踐經驗，并且更要引以借鑒的是同我國國情相差不大的發(fā)展中國家成功的實踐案例并對其做出總結，以便于能夠對我國專利強制許可啟動程序制度做出良好的啟示作用。 第四部分主要介紹了完善我國專利強制許可啟動程序制度的建議。首先是完善專利強制許可啟動程序的條件，需要增加“政府使用”條款、基因專利強制許可、民用專利國防強制許可等規(guī)定；其次是完善專利強制許可啟動程序的主體，賦予反壟斷執(zhí)法機構建議啟動專利強制許可程序的權力；再次是完善專利強制許可啟動程序的模式，推行專利司法強制許可模式；最后是完善專利強制許可啟動程序的保障制度，主要從完善專利行政部門的職責規(guī)定以及加強執(zhí)法機關之間的協調方面進行了分析。
[Abstract]:The patent compulsory license start-up procedure is an important part in the patent system, plays a very important role in the patent law, it is beneficial to prevent the abuse of the patent right, promote the popularization and application of the patent technology, and can well balance the relationship between the private interest and the public interest. The compulsory licensing system of the patent has a long history in China and has been regulated in the Patent Law, which was enacted in 1984, and then revised three times in 1992, 2000 and 2008. The patent compulsory license system is becoming more and more mature. In March, 2012, the State Intellectual Property Office promulgated the Procedures for Compulsory License for Patent Application, which specifically provided for the application, acceptance, review and decision of the patent compulsory license. These legal documents form the system of compulsory licensing system in our country. In general, our country attaches great importance to the legal provisions of the patent compulsory licensing system, and the theoretical research is also in-depth. To date, however, we have not successfully initiated a case of a patent compulsory licensing procedure, even in cases where a formal application for compulsory licensing has not been reported publicly. Even in the period of the SARS epidemic in China in 2003, the procedure was not started under the serious threat of public health, and the compulsory licensing system of the Chinese patent did not seem to play its due role, which was unquestionably contrary to the original intention established by the compulsory licensing system. In the modern society, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing number of patent products, at the same time, our country also faces the serious public health crisis, especially the 鈥減atent monopoly鈥
本文編號：2408016
[Abstract]:The patent compulsory license start-up procedure is an important part in the patent system, plays a very important role in the patent law, it is beneficial to prevent the abuse of the patent right, promote the popularization and application of the patent technology, and can well balance the relationship between the private interest and the public interest. The compulsory licensing system of the patent has a long history in China and has been regulated in the Patent Law, which was enacted in 1984, and then revised three times in 1992, 2000 and 2008. The patent compulsory license system is becoming more and more mature. In March, 2012, the State Intellectual Property Office promulgated the Procedures for Compulsory License for Patent Application, which specifically provided for the application, acceptance, review and decision of the patent compulsory license. These legal documents form the system of compulsory licensing system in our country. In general, our country attaches great importance to the legal provisions of the patent compulsory licensing system, and the theoretical research is also in-depth. To date, however, we have not successfully initiated a case of a patent compulsory licensing procedure, even in cases where a formal application for compulsory licensing has not been reported publicly. Even in the period of the SARS epidemic in China in 2003, the procedure was not started under the serious threat of public health, and the compulsory licensing system of the Chinese patent did not seem to play its due role, which was unquestionably contrary to the original intention established by the compulsory licensing system. In the modern society, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing number of patent products, at the same time, our country also faces the serious public health crisis, especially the 鈥減atent monopoly鈥
本文編號：2408016
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