【摘要】：無工頻變壓器機車牽引系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)交-直-交傳動系統(tǒng)相比較,前者取消了笨重及效率低下的工頻牽引變壓器。電力機車重量由此得到減輕、效率得到提升。在國外,此類系統(tǒng)的研究工作已經(jīng)展開,并取得了一定成果,引起了廣泛關(guān)注。在國內(nèi),關(guān)于此類系統(tǒng)的報道比較少見。對該類系統(tǒng)的研究有利于跟蹤國外技術(shù)動態(tài)與技術(shù)發(fā)展,對開發(fā)具有我國自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的技術(shù)產(chǎn)品具有重大意義。 通過比較分析該類系統(tǒng)的幾種技術(shù)方案,本文選取了一種輸入端級聯(lián)周波變換器、輸出端并聯(lián)全橋整流器的變換系統(tǒng)作為研究對象。該變換系統(tǒng)取代了傳統(tǒng)交直交傳動系統(tǒng)中的交-直變換環(huán)節(jié),取消了工頻牽引變壓器,為牽引逆變器提供了穩(wěn)定直流電壓。系統(tǒng)主要特點為：多個變換模塊級聯(lián),采用前端變頻以及中頻變壓器電氣隔離。主要研究工作如下： (1)分析了變換系統(tǒng)主電路工作模式,解決了單級AC/AC/DC變換器換流期間中頻變壓器漏感尖峰電壓問題,分析了單級變換器PWM調(diào)制方式及載波移相技術(shù)在該系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用,探討了級聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的控制特性以及每個變換模塊前端輸入電壓及輸出電流隨模塊參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,并利用仿真實驗驗證了相關(guān)分析。 (2)推導(dǎo)得出了該變換系統(tǒng)主電路參數(shù)計算式(如輸入電感、二次側(cè)濾波器、直流側(cè)支撐電容),對中頻變壓器的參數(shù)給出了限制和要求。 (3)采用電壓、電流雙閉環(huán)的控制策略,實現(xiàn)了該變換系統(tǒng)的控制。在此基礎(chǔ)上,采用平均電壓和平均電流法實現(xiàn)了變換系統(tǒng)的各模塊輸入端均壓、輸出側(cè)均流的控制。 (4)利用狀態(tài)空間平均法建立變換系統(tǒng)主電路等效空間模型,利用平衡點附近線性化的方法得到了變換系統(tǒng)小信號模型,設(shè)計了電壓環(huán)控制器參數(shù)。 (5)根據(jù)CRH5列車交流傳動系統(tǒng)的額定參數(shù),設(shè)計了一個交直變換系統(tǒng)用于模擬CRH5列車的交直環(huán)節(jié),利用MATLAB/SIMULINK和PSIM相結(jié)合仿真法對所該變換系統(tǒng)在開環(huán)下的控制特性,載波移相后電感電流控制效果以及閉環(huán)控制下的牽引、制動工況、網(wǎng)壓波動、負載突變、電壓指令跟蹤以及變換模塊間的均壓與均流控制進行了仿真分析。 仿真結(jié)果表明：該變換系統(tǒng)直流側(cè)輸出電壓穩(wěn)定,輸入網(wǎng)側(cè)的功率因數(shù)可調(diào),滿足相關(guān)技術(shù)指標。級聯(lián)系統(tǒng)模塊間能實現(xiàn)輸入端的均壓與輸出側(cè)的均流。換流過程中,中頻變壓器漏感尖峰電壓能夠較好的消除。載波移相技術(shù)在系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用對輸入電感電流正弦化具有很好效果。仿真結(jié)果進一步證明了變換系統(tǒng)理論分析的正確性。
[Abstract]:Compared with the traditional AC-DC-AC drive system, the traction system of the locomotive without power frequency transformer cancels the heavy and inefficient power frequency traction transformer. Thus, the weight of electric locomotive is reduced and the efficiency is improved. In foreign countries, the research work of this kind of system has been carried out, and some achievements have been made, which has aroused wide attention. In China, reports of such systems are rare. The research of this kind of system is helpful to track the technological development and development of foreign countries, and it is of great significance to develop the technology products with our own intellectual property rights. By comparing and analyzing several technical schemes of this kind of system, this paper selects a kind of input cascade Zhou Bo converter and output parallel full-bridge rectifier as the research object. The conversion system replaces the AC-DC link in the traditional AC / DC drive system, cancels the power frequency traction transformer, and provides a stable DC voltage for the traction inverter. The main features of the system are: multiple conversion modules cascade, front-end frequency conversion and if transformer electrical isolation. The main research works are as follows: (1) the main circuit mode of the conversion system is analyzed to solve the problem of leakage inductance peak voltage of if transformer during commutation of single-stage AC/DC converter. The application of single stage converter PWM modulation and carrier phase shift technology in the system is analyzed. The control characteristics of the cascade system and the variation of the front end input voltage and output current of each transform module with the module parameters are discussed. The correlation analysis is verified by simulation experiments. (2) the formulas for calculating the main circuit parameters (such as input inductance, secondary filter, DC side supporting capacitor) are derived, and the parameters of if transformer are limited and required. (3) the control strategy of voltage and current double closed loop is adopted to realize the control of the conversion system. On this basis, the method of average voltage and average current is used to realize the control of input voltage and output current sharing in each module of the conversion system. (4) the equivalent space model of the main circuit of the transformation system is established by using the state space averaging method. The small signal model of the transformation system is obtained by linearization near the equilibrium point, and the parameters of the voltage loop controller are designed. (5) according to the rated parameters of the AC transmission system of CRH5 train, an AC-DC transform system is designed to simulate the AC link of the CRH5 train. The control characteristics of the conversion system under the open loop are simulated by the method of MATLAB/SIMULINK and PSIM. The control effect of inductor current after carrier phase shift, traction, braking condition, network voltage fluctuation, load mutation, voltage command tracking and voltage sharing and current sharing control between conversion modules are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the DC side output voltage of the system is stable and the power factor of the input network side can be adjusted to meet the relevant technical specifications. The cascade system module can achieve the input voltage and output side of the current sharing. In the process of commutation, if transformer leakage inductance peak voltage can be eliminated better. The application of carrier phase shift technique in the system has a good effect on sinusoidal input inductance current. The simulation results further prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis of the transformation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TM922.73

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