【摘要】：繼電器作為控制系統(tǒng)中的開關(guān)電器,在鐵路系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用也十分廣泛,無(wú)論是在鐵路信號(hào)系統(tǒng)還是鐵路車載系統(tǒng)中,繼電器都是不可或缺的一部分。而目前國(guó)內(nèi)鐵路繼電器產(chǎn)品都為信號(hào)繼電器,車載繼電器均為國(guó)外公司產(chǎn)品。為加速我國(guó)擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)鐵路車載繼電器的進(jìn)程,本文設(shè)計(jì)出一種含永磁的新型鐵路車載繼電器。首先為了既能實(shí)現(xiàn)抗振性良好和觸點(diǎn)回跳少等優(yōu)良特性,又能使繼電器結(jié)構(gòu)相比之前更加簡(jiǎn)單,分析現(xiàn)有鐵路繼電器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)上的特點(diǎn),參考現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)繼電器進(jìn)行新結(jié)構(gòu)鐵路車載繼電器的設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)繼電器的電磁結(jié)構(gòu),理論分析電磁結(jié)構(gòu)工作原理,并結(jié)合已有產(chǎn)品確定物理模型的尺寸大小。通過虛擬樣機(jī)平臺(tái),在有限元軟件中建立觸簧系統(tǒng)有限元仿真模型,進(jìn)行靜態(tài)反力特性計(jì)算;建立電磁系統(tǒng)有限元仿真模型,進(jìn)行靜態(tài)吸力仿真計(jì)算,并通過改變電磁系統(tǒng)各零部件尺寸與位置,調(diào)整吸力特性曲線形狀,使其能夠與反力特性實(shí)現(xiàn)良好配合;進(jìn)行繼電器的動(dòng)態(tài)特性仿真分析,獲得繼電器的時(shí)間參數(shù)。為了提高后面繼電器參數(shù)優(yōu)化的效率,建立快速計(jì)算模型來(lái)提高繼電器特性的計(jì)算速度。然后,分析初步設(shè)計(jì)的觸簧系統(tǒng)的缺陷與不足,對(duì)觸簧系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,設(shè)計(jì)新型簧片結(jié)構(gòu),基于虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)觸簧系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真分析,對(duì)觸簧系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行抗沖擊和抗振動(dòng)指標(biāo)驗(yàn)證、強(qiáng)制引導(dǎo)和掃程驗(yàn)證,分析優(yōu)化后觸簧系統(tǒng)的性能。最后,選取影響靜態(tài)特性的關(guān)鍵參數(shù),將其作為多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的輸入?yún)?shù),驗(yàn)證其對(duì)靜態(tài)特性的影響,為后面的電磁系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化提供依據(jù)。根據(jù)前面研究得到的靜態(tài)吸反力特性匹配結(jié)果,選取電磁機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化的關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)參數(shù);選擇差分進(jìn)化算法作為多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法,通過測(cè)試函數(shù)驗(yàn)證算法的正確性,隨后在約束范圍內(nèi),基于拉丁超立方抽樣得到輸入?yún)?shù)矩陣,利用Kriging模型對(duì)輸入輸出參數(shù)的函數(shù)關(guān)系進(jìn)行擬合,并采用差分進(jìn)化算法(DE)對(duì)電磁機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)比優(yōu)化前后靜態(tài)吸力矩值,驗(yàn)證DE優(yōu)化的有效性,驗(yàn)證繼電器靜態(tài)性能是否提升。
[Abstract]:Relay, as a switch in the control system, is widely used in the railway system, whether in the railway signal system or in the railway vehicle system, relay is an indispensable part. At present, the domestic railway relay products are signal relays, car-borne relays are foreign products. In order to speed up the process of railway on-board relay with independent intellectual property rights in China, a new type of railway on-board relay with permanent magnet is designed in this paper. First of all, in order to realize the excellent characteristics of good vibration resistance and less contact bounce, and to make the relay structure simpler than before, the advantages and disadvantages and structural characteristics of the existing railway relay are analyzed. Referring to the existing structural relay, the design of the new structure railway on-board relay is carried out. The electromagnetic structure of the relay is designed, the working principle of the electromagnetic structure is analyzed theoretically, and the size of the physical model is determined according to the existing products. Through the virtual prototype platform, the finite element simulation model of the contact spring system is established in the finite element software, and the static reaction characteristic is calculated. The finite element simulation model of electromagnetic system is established, and the static suction simulation calculation is carried out. By changing the size and position of each part of the electromagnetic system, the shape of the suction characteristic curve is adjusted to make it work well with the reaction characteristic. The dynamic characteristics of the relay are simulated and analyzed, and the time parameters of the relay are obtained. In order to improve the efficiency of parameter optimization of relay, a fast calculation model is established to improve the calculation speed of relay characteristics. Then, the defects and shortcomings of the initial design of the contact spring system are analyzed, the contact spring system is optimized, the new Reed structure is designed, and the contact spring system is simulated and analyzed based on the virtual prototype technology. The impact and vibration resistance index of the contact spring system is verified, and the forced guide and sweep range verification are carried out. The performance of the optimized contact spring system is analyzed. Finally, the key parameters which affect the static characteristics are selected as the input parameters of multi-objective optimization to verify their influence on the static characteristics and provide the basis for the later electromagnetic system optimization. According to the matching results of static absorbing reaction characteristics obtained in the previous study, the key target parameters of the optimization of electromagnetic mechanism parameters are selected. The differential evolution algorithm is selected as the multi-objective optimization method, and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by testing the function. Then, the input parameter matrix is obtained based on Latin hypercube sampling within the constraint range. The Kriging model is used to fit the function relation of input and output parameters, and the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used to optimize the parameters of electromagnetic mechanism. The static suction moment before and after optimization is compared to verify the effectiveness of DE optimization. Verify that the static performance of the relay is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U270.381

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本文編號(hào)：2364910