【摘要】：美國是個超級大國，而當今中國經(jīng)濟也在飛速發(fā)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷升級，對外貿易額不斷擴大，中美之間的貿易關系變得越發(fā)重要。從1949年新中國成立開始，美國對華的貿易政策就不斷的變化。其中美國對華貿易政策的變化大體可分為四個階段：第一階段（1949—1970年）是全面對華的遏制階段，，美國一直奉行鼓勵、遏制和敵視新中國的政策，這一時期美國對華采取禁運的政策，推行對華出口管制貿易政策給中國帶來的影響是巨大的；第二階段（1970—1989年）是恢復緩和階段，美國放松了對中國的出口管制，中美兩國間的經(jīng)貿關系步入正軌，中美貿易迅猛發(fā)展；第三階段（1989—2001年）是相對復雜階段，在這一階段美對華貿易政策大體上呈現(xiàn)友好的趨勢，但是仍然存在著摩擦、糾紛和制約，使美對華貿易政策呈現(xiàn)出相對復雜的特點；第四階段（2001—現(xiàn)在）是無明確特征階段，這一階段美國喪失了明確的對華貿易特征，美國遭受到恐怖分子的襲擊以及受到金融危機的影響，美國對華的貿易政策總體表現(xiàn)為友好的、歧視的和敵對的三種并存、施壓與合作并存的局面，失去了明確的特征。美國現(xiàn)行的對華貿易政策同樣存在一些問題，美國的貿易保護主義逐漸抬頭。 受到金融危機的影響，美國的經(jīng)濟陷入低迷，資金嚴重短缺，失業(yè)率居高不下等困境，至今仍未有顯現(xiàn)出新的起色。與此相反，中國的經(jīng)濟增長迅速，是一個正在崛起的國家，在國際社會中的地位有所上升，由此引起美國的格外關注與戒備。因此，美國借助貿易政策這一手段來遏制中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，美國不斷對中國的產(chǎn)品進行反傾銷、反補貼和知識產(chǎn)權等調查，還對人民幣匯率施壓，這些都是美國為了遏制中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的而采取的具體行動。根據(jù)美國對華貿易政策的歷史演變軌跡以及現(xiàn)行對華貿易政策核心點的釋放，特別是根據(jù)未來中美兩國政治經(jīng)濟關系發(fā)展的走向，對今后美國對華貿易政策的變化趨勢進行了預測。 另外，還針對目前美國對華貿易政策存在的問題，提出了應對策略與建議：即我國應該進一步推進中美經(jīng)濟全面互利合作伙伴關系的建設；妥善解決中美貿易失衡問題；積極應對和消除中美貿易摩擦產(chǎn)生的負面影響，特別是關注政治因素產(chǎn)生的負面作用，注意化解政治矛盾。美國對華采取合理的貿易政策將會有助于兩國之間貿易關系的發(fā)展。中美貿易關系不僅影響著兩國的經(jīng)濟合作發(fā)展，而且也對世界經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展有所影響。因此為了世界經(jīng)濟更好的發(fā)展，世界的和平與穩(wěn)定，中美兩國均有必要處理好雙邊貿易關系，使中美兩國對對方的貿易政策更加趨于穩(wěn)定及合理化。
[Abstract]:The United States is a superpower, and today China's economy is booming, industries are escalating, foreign trade is expanding, and trade relations between China and the United States are becoming more and more important. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the trade policy of the United States with China has been constantly changing. The changes in US trade policy towards China can be roughly divided into four stages: the first stage (1949-1970) is a comprehensive containment phase to China, and the United States has always pursued a policy of encouraging, containing and hostile to the new China. During this period, the United States adopted the policy of embargo on China, and the impact of the policy of export control on China was enormous. The second stage (1970-1989) was the stage of restoration of detente, the United States relaxed its export control to China, the economic and trade relations between China and the United States were on the right track, and Sino-US trade developed rapidly. The third stage (1989-2001) is a relatively complicated stage, in which the US trade policy towards China presents a friendly trend, but there are still frictions, disputes and constraints, which makes the US trade policy with China show relatively complex characteristics. The fourth stage (2001-now) is a stage with no clear characteristics. This phase of the United States has lost its clear trade characteristics with China. The United States has been attacked by terrorists and affected by the financial crisis. America's trade policy toward China is characterized by friendly, discriminatory and hostile coexistence, pressure and cooperation. There are also some problems in America's current trade policy with China, and American trade protectionism is gradually rising. Due to the financial crisis, the U.S. economy has fallen into a downturn, a severe shortage of funds, high unemployment and other difficulties, so far has not shown any new improvement. By contrast, China's rapid economic growth is a rising nation, rising in position in the international community, which has aroused the special concern and vigilance of the United States. Therefore, the United States uses trade policy as a means to curb the development of China's economy. The United States constantly conducts anti-dumping, countervailing and intellectual property investigations into Chinese products, and also exerts pressure on the exchange rate of the renminbi. These are concrete actions taken by the United States to curb China's economic development. According to the historical evolution of the US trade policy toward China and the release of the core point of the current trade policy towards China, especially according to the future development of the political and economic relations between China and the United States, The change trend of American trade policy with China in the future is forecasted. In addition, in view of the problems existing in the current trade policy of the United States with China, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions: that is, China should further promote the construction of a mutually beneficial and cooperative partnership between China and the United States, properly resolve the trade imbalance between China and the United States; We should actively deal with and eliminate the negative effects of Sino-US trade frictions, especially pay attention to the negative effects of political factors, and pay attention to resolving political contradictions. A reasonable US trade policy with China will contribute to the development of trade relations between the two countries. Sino-US trade relations not only affect the development of economic cooperation between the two countries, but also affect the development of the world economy. Therefore, for the better development of the world economy and the peace and stability of the world, it is necessary for both China and the United States to handle the bilateral trade relations well, so as to make the trade policies of China and the United States towards each other more stable and rational.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F752.7;F757.12

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