【摘要】：能源作為人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)保障國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人民生活水平的不斷提高至關(guān)重要。我國的能源消耗主要是以煤炭為主，占所有能源消耗的60%以上。其中電力能源做為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，是煤炭消耗的大戶，每年的消耗量約為19億噸。隨著我國對(duì)節(jié)能和環(huán)保方面的要求逐年提高，如何進(jìn)一步加速推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排工作的開展，已成為燃煤鍋爐行業(yè)未來發(fā)展面臨的新課題和嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。 鍋爐燃燒優(yōu)化控制技術(shù)是在不進(jìn)行鍋爐設(shè)備改造的前提下，利用鍋爐運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)和集散控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)，應(yīng)用先進(jìn)建模和優(yōu)化控制技術(shù)，來合理調(diào)整鍋爐燃燒，降低各項(xiàng)熱損失，提高鍋爐的熱效率。本文利用電廠現(xiàn)有的豐富生產(chǎn)資料和歷史記錄數(shù)據(jù)，深入研究鍋爐復(fù)雜的熱工過程動(dòng)態(tài)特性，針對(duì)非線性、時(shí)延性、不確定性、強(qiáng)耦合性等特點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用燃燒流體力學(xué)、熱力學(xué)等專業(yè)知識(shí)，結(jié)合現(xiàn)代控制理論，利用模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制等技術(shù)手段，研究優(yōu)化主汽壓力、溫度調(diào)節(jié)、蒸汽與燃料轉(zhuǎn)換、鍋爐燃燒的交叉限制、燃料及風(fēng)量的合理分配、給煤機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制、爐膛負(fù)壓控制等回路，，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)鍋爐系統(tǒng)的燃燒優(yōu)化，具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。本文的研究內(nèi)容屬多學(xué)科交叉問題，具有很強(qiáng)的前沿性、基礎(chǔ)性和復(fù)雜性，擬采取多領(lǐng)域、多學(xué)科相結(jié)合的方法，力求在主要研究內(nèi)容上取得實(shí)質(zhì)突破。在加強(qiáng)應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究、為電廠生產(chǎn)服務(wù)的同時(shí)，也將注重基礎(chǔ)理論研究。引入電廠鍋爐系統(tǒng)的不可逆熱動(dòng)力學(xué)分析等新概念、新理論，重點(diǎn)對(duì)汽水系統(tǒng)與燃燒系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力過程復(fù)雜性進(jìn)行深入研究，爭取能在這方面有重大突破，優(yōu)化機(jī)組運(yùn)行控制。 本文研究的具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的燃燒優(yōu)化控制軟件已經(jīng)投入試運(yùn)，結(jié)果證實(shí)鍋爐的燃燒狀況得到顯著改善，熱效率有明顯提高。
[Abstract]:Energy, as an important material basis for the progress and development of human society, is very important to guarantee the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standard. China's energy consumption is mainly coal, accounting for more than 60% of all energy consumption. As the pillar industry of economic development, power energy is the major consumer of coal, and the annual consumption is about 1.9 billion tons. With the increasing requirements of energy saving and environmental protection in China, how to accelerate the development of energy saving and emission reduction has become a new subject and severe challenge for the future development of coal-fired boiler industry. Boiler combustion optimization control technology is to use boiler operation data and (DCS), to apply advanced modeling and optimization control technology to adjust boiler combustion reasonably and reduce various heat loss without reforming boiler equipment. Raise the thermal efficiency of the boiler. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of complex thermal processes of boilers are deeply studied by using the abundant production data and historical records available in power plants. Aiming at the characteristics of nonlinearity, delay, uncertainty and strong coupling, combustion hydrodynamics is applied. Combining with modern control theory and using fuzzy control, neural network control and other technical means, thermodynamics and other professional knowledge are used to study the optimization of main steam pressure, temperature regulation, steam and fuel conversion, and the cross restriction of boiler combustion. The reasonable distribution of fuel and air volume, the control of the speed of coal feeder, the negative pressure control of furnace and so on, have strong practicability to realize the combustion optimization of boiler system. The research content of this paper is a multi-disciplinary intersecting problem, which has a strong vanguard, foundation and complexity. It is intended to adopt a multi-field and multi-disciplinary method to make a substantial breakthrough in the main research content. While strengthening applied technology research and serving power plant production, it will also pay attention to basic theory research. By introducing new concepts such as irreversible thermodynamic analysis and new theory, the complexity of dynamic process of steam water system and combustion system is deeply studied in order to make a great breakthrough in this respect and optimize the operation and control of the unit. In this paper, the combustion optimization control software with independent intellectual property rights has been put into trial operation. The results show that the combustion condition of the boiler has been improved significantly, and the thermal efficiency has been obviously improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM621.2

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本文編號(hào)：2302619