發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-30 20:58

【摘要】：植物新品種是指經(jīng)過人工培育的或者對發(fā)現(xiàn)的野生植物加以開發(fā),具備新穎性、特異性、一致性和穩(wěn)定性并有適當(dāng)命名的植物品種。植物新品種權(quán)指的是育種者對于植物新品種所享有的專有性權(quán)利,是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的一種。目前,國際上對植物新品種的保護(hù)分為三種模式,即專門法保護(hù)、專利法保護(hù)以及兩者結(jié)合保護(hù),其發(fā)展趨向是法律保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)逐漸提高。自我國《專利法》和《植物新品種保護(hù)條例》施行以來,在植物新品種法律保護(hù)方面取得了良好的成效,實(shí)現(xiàn)了其立法宗旨,但同時(shí)還存在不少問題。在專利法立法方面：未界定植物品種的概念；將植物品種排除在專利法保護(hù)客體之外；方法專利保護(hù)的客體無法延及以該專利方法直接獲得的植物品種。在植物新品種保護(hù)的立法方面：現(xiàn)行《植物新品種保護(hù)條例》立法層次低,權(quán)威性不足；同時(shí),對育種者權(quán)利保護(hù)不夠充分,制度設(shè)計(jì)不夠完善。此外,現(xiàn)行《專利法》和《植物新品種保護(hù)條例》等涉及植物新品種保護(hù)的相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)、政策體系之間存在矛盾,配套措施不夠完善。針對這些問題與不足,我國應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合自身國情,進(jìn)一步完善植物新品種保護(hù)制度。一是修改《植物新品種保護(hù)條例》,改由人大立法,提升《條例》的法律位階,逐步擴(kuò)大植物新品種的保護(hù)范圍；完善相關(guān)權(quán)利內(nèi)容及制度；修正法律法規(guī)之間的沖突,完善配套措施。二是結(jié)合植物新品種保護(hù)的國際發(fā)展趨勢,進(jìn)一步修改和完善《專利法》對植物新品種的保護(hù),建立轉(zhuǎn)基因植物品種的專利保護(hù),增加農(nóng)民特權(quán)的限制條件,提出了在我國構(gòu)建專門法與專利法雙軌制保護(hù)模式的設(shè)想。三是從源頭上加強(qiáng)對植物新品種保護(hù),建立生物遺傳資源獲取與惠益分享機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:A new plant variety is a plant variety that has been cultivated artificially or developed into wild plants with novelty, specificity, consistency, stability and proper naming. Plant new variety right refers to the exclusive right of breeders for new plant varieties and is a kind of intellectual property rights. At present, the protection of new plant varieties in the world can be divided into three modes, namely, special law protection, patent law protection and combined protection. Since the implementation of the Patent Law and the regulations on the Protection of New Plant varieties in China, good results have been achieved in the legal protection of new plant varieties, and their legislative purposes have been realized, but at the same time there are still many problems. In the aspect of patent law legislation, the concept of plant variety is not defined; the plant variety is excluded from the object of patent law protection; the object of method patent protection cannot extend to the plant variety directly obtained by the patent method. In the aspect of legislation on the protection of new plant varieties, the current regulations on the Protection of New varieties of plants have low legislative level and insufficient authority, at the same time, the protection of breeders' rights is not enough and the system design is not perfect. In addition, the existing Patent Law and the regulations on the Protection of New Plant Variety and other related laws, regulations, policies and systems related to the protection of new plant varieties are contradictory, and the supporting measures are not perfect. In view of these problems and deficiencies, our country should further improve the protection system of new plant varieties according to our own national conditions. First, we should amend the regulations on the Protection of New Plant varieties, change legislation by the National people's Congress, upgrade the legal rank of the regulations, gradually expand the scope of protection of new plant varieties, and improve the content and system of relevant rights; Correct conflicts between laws and regulations and improve supporting measures. Second, in the light of the international development trend of the protection of new plant varieties, we should further revise and improve the protection of new plant varieties under the Patent Law, establish patent protection for transgenic plant varieties, and increase restrictions on farmers' privileges. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing the dual-track protection mode of special law and patent law in our country. Third, strengthen the protection of new plant varieties from the source, and establish the mechanism of obtaining and benefit-sharing of biological genetic resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.42

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