發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-14 19:12

【摘要】：電弧爐自發(fā)明以來(lái)，已經(jīng)成為冶金行業(yè)核心裝備，由于其相較靈活的工藝，較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)性，以及其高產(chǎn)高質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)，越來(lái)越受到人們的重視。矩形電弧爐的出現(xiàn)，更是這一技術(shù)的新發(fā)展，矩形電弧爐擁有特殊的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，爐內(nèi)溫度高波動(dòng)小，，能有效地去除雜質(zhì)，鋼液穩(wěn)定品質(zhì)好，有利于熔煉含氧化物較多的鋼種。 DCS（分布式控制系統(tǒng)）應(yīng)用于電弧爐系統(tǒng)有很長(zhǎng)的歷史。DCS最早是1975年出現(xiàn)的，30多年來(lái)，各個(gè)廠家相繼研發(fā)出擁有自護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的DCS，DCS的技術(shù)得到了很大的提高，其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也迅速擴(kuò)大，食品、冶金、能源、醫(yī)療、化工等等都相繼引入DCS來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)水平，在冶煉行業(yè)，DCS更是漸漸成為了不可或缺的系統(tǒng)。DCS一個(gè)由過(guò)程控制級(jí)和過(guò)程監(jiān)控級(jí)組成的以通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)為紐帶的多級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)，通信、顯示和控制等4C技術(shù)，其基本思想是分散控制、集中操作、分級(jí)管理、配置靈活以及組態(tài)方便。電弧爐系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，設(shè)備多樣，成本和能耗都很高，還存在著很大的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，對(duì)系統(tǒng)的控制精確度要求很高，由于其各個(gè)分系統(tǒng)相對(duì)分散，比如高壓變電站、配料系統(tǒng)站、環(huán)保除塵站、電極控制站等均是分散設(shè)置的，傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)已不能滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)代大型電弧爐的工藝要求和生產(chǎn)需求，而DCS的眾多優(yōu)點(diǎn)正是電弧爐控制系統(tǒng)的最佳選擇。 以本文為例，攀枝花金江鈦業(yè)30000KVA電弧爐系統(tǒng)是目前亞洲最大的矩形電弧爐，系統(tǒng)龐大，對(duì)DCS的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施提出了很高的要求，電弧爐的硬件設(shè)備很多，可劃分為11個(gè)小系統(tǒng)，包括：短網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)、電極系統(tǒng)、包車(chē)系統(tǒng)、渣車(chē)系統(tǒng)、出渣系統(tǒng)、出鐵系統(tǒng)、爐蓋系統(tǒng)、爐壁系統(tǒng)、爐體系統(tǒng)、水冷系統(tǒng)、惰性氣體系統(tǒng)等。其電氣系統(tǒng)也很復(fù)雜，包括低壓控制柜、操作控制臺(tái)、電極調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)、計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)、包車(chē)控制系統(tǒng)等，其它的各種電氣設(shè)備更是數(shù)量龐大。 在設(shè)計(jì)DCS時(shí)，充分考慮了電弧爐系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備多樣性，信號(hào)傳輸?shù)膶?shí)時(shí)性，控制過(guò)程的精確性，以及生產(chǎn)管理的高效性。本次DCS選用的是西門(mén)子SIMATICPCS7，PCS7系統(tǒng)為工業(yè)自動(dòng)化和控制提供了很大范圍的硬件、軟件、組態(tài)、配置和診斷工具。PCS7項(xiàng)目是在PCS7工程師站上設(shè)計(jì)的，工程師站安裝有PCS7組態(tài)工具，可以和自動(dòng)化站和操作員站進(jìn)行通訊。控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)主要分為兩級(jí)三層，兩級(jí)為車(chē)間級(jí)和廠級(jí)，三層分為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制層、操作監(jiān)視層、上級(jí)管理層，控制層和監(jiān)視層屬于車(chē)間級(jí)DCS，負(fù)責(zé)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的監(jiān)測(cè)和控制。作為矩形電弧爐的核心控制部分，電極的調(diào)節(jié)控制采用PID，DCS的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信方案設(shè)計(jì)為光纖冗余拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，保證此核心部分能夠高速、安全、可靠地傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，上位機(jī)使用組態(tài)王設(shè)計(jì)的人機(jī)界面系統(tǒng)來(lái)連接操作人員與控制站，保證控制命令的準(zhǔn)確下達(dá)和數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)視的實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確。該DCS系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)已在矩形電弧爐上得到驗(yàn)證，說(shuō)明了設(shè)計(jì)的合理性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:Electric arc furnace has become the core equipment of metallurgical industry since its invention. Because of its flexible process, better economy, and its characteristics of high production and high quality, more and more attention has been paid to it. The appearance of rectangular arc furnace is a new development of this technology. Rectangular arc furnace has special advantages, such as low temperature fluctuation, high temperature fluctuation, effective removal of impurities and good stability of molten steel. It has a long history that. DCS (distributed control system is used in arc furnace system. DCS first appeared in 1975, and it has been used for more than 30 years. The technology of DCS,DCS, which has self-protection intellectual property rights, has been developed by various manufacturers one after another, and its application fields have also expanded rapidly. Food, metallurgy, energy, medical treatment, chemical industry and so on have been introduced to improve the production and service level one after another. In the smelting industry, DCS has gradually become an indispensable system. DCS, a multilevel computer system based on communication network, consists of process control level and process monitoring level, which integrates 4C technologies such as computer, communication, display and control, etc. Its basic idea is decentralized control, centralized operation, hierarchical management, flexible configuration and configuration convenience. The electric arc furnace system has complex structure, diverse equipment, high cost and high energy consumption, and there are also great safety risks. The control accuracy of the system is very high. Due to the relative dispersion of its subsystems, such as high-voltage substations and batching system stations, The environmental protection dedusting stations and electrode control stations are all distributed. The traditional computer control system can no longer meet the technological requirements and production requirements of modern large electric arc furnaces, and the many advantages of DCS are the best choice of the electric arc furnace control system. Taking this paper as an example, the 30000KVA arc furnace system of Jinjiang Titanium Industry in Panzhihua is the largest rectangular arc furnace in Asia at present. The system is huge, and the design and implementation of DCS are very high requirements. The electric arc furnace has a lot of hardware equipments and can be divided into 11 small systems. It includes: short net system, electrode system, chartered car system, slag extraction system, iron extraction system, furnace cover system, furnace wall system, furnace body system, water cooling system, inert gas system and so on. Its electrical system is also very complex, including low-voltage control cabinet, operation console, electrode regulating system, computer system, car-chartered control system and so on. In the design of DCS, the diversity of electric arc furnace system, the real time of signal transmission, the accuracy of control process and the efficiency of production management are fully considered. The Siemens SIMATICPCS7,PCS7 system has provided a wide range of hardware, software, configuration, configuration and diagnostic tools for industrial automation and control. The PCS7 project is designed on the PCS7 engineer Station, where PCS7 configuration tools are installed. Can communicate with automation station and operator station. The structure of the control system is divided into two levels and three levels, two levels are workshop level and factory level, three levels are field control layer, operation monitoring layer, superior management layer, control layer and monitoring layer belong to workshop level DCS, responsible for the monitoring and control of production process. As the core control part of rectangular arc furnace, PID,DCS network communication scheme is adopted to control the electrode, which is designed as fiber redundancy topology to ensure that the core part can transmit data at high speed, safely and reliably. The upper computer uses the man-machine interface system designed by Kingview to connect the operator and the control station to ensure the accurate delivery of the control command and the real-time accuracy of the data monitoring. The DCS system has been verified in rectangular arc furnace, which shows the rationality and reliability of the design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TF806.6;TP273

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