專利制度對生物遺傳資源的保護研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 21:04
【摘要】：生物遺傳資源是人類生存和社會發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。但隨著社會經(jīng)濟和生物技術(shù)的逐漸發(fā)展,人類對生物遺傳資源的需求也不斷增加,從而造成生物遺傳資源面臨物種消減、生物被盜、生物技術(shù)戰(zhàn)略挑戰(zhàn)等問題,而且關(guān)于生物遺傳資源及其相關(guān)傳統(tǒng)知識的占有、獲取、分享和保護等問題一直是國際知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法領(lǐng)域爭論的焦點,所以亟須加強生物遺傳資源知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法律保護。其中,專利制度保護占據(jù)重要的作用。我國《專利法》將生物遺傳資源保護納入其中,規(guī)定生物遺傳資源獲取和來源披露制度,但規(guī)定比較籠統(tǒng),仍需進一步完善立法。所以,本文通過分析我國立法現(xiàn)狀及考察國際和其他國家立法,提出完善我國專利制度保護生物遺傳資源制度設(shè)計的幾點建議。 全文共分為前言、正文、結(jié)論三大部分。 論文的前言部分介紹了本文研究的背景和研究的意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究內(nèi)容和研究方法,以及創(chuàng)新和不足。 正文共分為四個部分： 第一部分是專利制度與生物遺傳資源的關(guān)系概述。這個部分首先界定生物遺傳資源的概念及其特征,歸納出生物遺傳資源具有對象的不確定性、有形性和無形性、可利用性與不可再生性、區(qū)域性、信息共享性及權(quán)利主體的多元性。從分析生物遺傳資源的特征可知保護生物遺傳資源的復(fù)雜性。繼而闡述當前保護生物遺傳資源重要的三大原則：國家主權(quán)原則、事先知情同意原則和惠益分享原則。這三項原則的確立,在國際層面上改變了過去生物遺傳資源“人類共有”、“無償取得”、“流動無國界”的狀況,保障了生物遺傳資源所在國的利益。其次,對專利制度進行闡述,分析了專利制度的概念及特點,論述專利制度的激勵理論和平衡理論。最后,論述專利制度與生物遺傳資源保護之間的基本關(guān)系,闡明專利制度與生物遺傳資源保護制度之間的聯(lián)系越來越密切。論證生物遺傳資源不能成為專利權(quán)客體的困境,推導(dǎo)出專利制度保護生物遺傳資源的可行性方式即防御性保護。 第二部分是我國專利制度對生物遺傳資源的保護。本部分首先概括我國當前《專利法》等相關(guān)法律對生物遺傳資源保護的現(xiàn)狀,說明雖然我國專利制度在保護生物遺傳資源方面己取得較大發(fā)展,但仍存在問題,如我國《專利法》中事先知情同意制度和惠益分享制度缺位、《專利法》遺傳資源披露條款存在缺陷、《專利法》對生物遺傳資源的侵權(quán)責任法律制度規(guī)定存在缺陷、生物遺傳資源專利及相關(guān)管理部門缺少等問題。 第三部分是國外對生物遺傳資源專利法律保護的考察。首先通過對《生物多樣性公約》(CBD)、《波恩準則》、《名古屋議定書》、《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》這四部國際公約或文件的考察,了解其對生物遺傳資源專利保護的相關(guān)規(guī)定；其次考察主要國家和地區(qū)對生物遺傳資源專利法律保護,選取美國、印度和歐盟這三個比較典型的國家和地區(qū)進行具體分析；最后通過對國際公約及主要國家和地區(qū)的法律規(guī)定的分析和考察,總結(jié)出完善我國生物遺傳資源保護相關(guān)法律的啟示：積極參與生物遺傳資源國際規(guī)則的制定、制定生物遺傳資源保護專門法、專利法律制度與其他法律相互配合、明確政府在生物遺傳資源利用和保護中的主導(dǎo)地位。 第四部分是進一步完善以我國專利制度為主體保護生物遺傳資源的基本設(shè)想。通過分析我國現(xiàn)狀和不足以及對國際公約和其他國家法律的借鑒,得出完善我國專利制度保護生物遺傳資源制度設(shè)計的幾點建議：第一,建立并完善事先知情同意制度；第二,建立并完善惠益分享制度；第三,完善生物遺傳資源信息披露制度；第四,完善生物遺傳資源侵權(quán)責任制度；第五,建立生物遺傳資源專門管理部門。 研究結(jié)果表明,專利制度在生物遺傳資源保護方面起到重要的防御作用。也就是說在生物遺傳資源保護中專利制度起到輔助保護作用,真正直接規(guī)定生物遺傳資源獲取和利用內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是生物遺傳資源保護的專門立法。所以在當前專利制度框架內(nèi)完善生物遺傳資源保護相關(guān)條款,同時加快生物遺傳資源專門法的制定,兩種制度結(jié)合相輔相成,共同保護我國生物遺傳資源。
[Abstract]:Biogenetic resources are the basis of human survival and social development, and have important strategic significance. However, with the gradual development of social economy and biotechnology, human demand for biological genetic resources is also increasing, resulting in biogenetic resources facing species reduction, biological theft, biotechnology strategic challenges and other issues. The possession, acquisition, sharing and protection of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge have been the focus of international intellectual property law. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the legal protection of intellectual property rights of biological genetic resources. The system of obtaining and disclosing biogenetic resources is stipulated, but the regulations are more general, and the legislation still needs to be further improved. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions on perfecting the system of protecting biogenetic resources in China's patent system by analyzing the current legislation situation in China and reviewing the legislation in other countries.
The full text is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion.
The preface of the paper introduces the background and significance of the research, the research status at home and abroad, the research contents and methods, as well as the innovation and deficiencies.
The text is divided into four parts.
The first part is an overview of the relationship between patent system and biogenetic resources.This part first defines the concept and characteristics of biogenetic resources,and concludes that biogenetic resources have uncertainty of objects,tangibility and invisibility,availability and non-renewability,regionality,information sharing and pluralism of rights subjects. The characteristics of biological genetic resources reveal the complexity of the protection of biological genetic resources, and then elaborates three important principles for the protection of biological genetic resources: the principle of national sovereignty, the principle of prior informed consent and the principle of benefit sharing. The situation of "free acquisition" and "no boundaries for movement" guarantees the interests of the country where the biogenetic resources are located. Secondly, the patent system is elaborated, the concept and characteristics of the patent system are analyzed, and the incentive theory and the balance theory of the patent system are discussed. Finally, the basic relationship between the patent system and the protection of biogenetic resources is expounded. The relationship between patent system and biogenetic resources protection system is becoming closer and closer. This paper demonstrates the predicament that biogenetic resources can not be the object of patent right, and deduces the feasible way of patent system to protect biogenetic resources, that is, defensive protection.
The second part is the protection of biological genetic resources by the patent system in China. This part first summarizes the current situation of the protection of biological genetic resources by the relevant laws, such as the Patent Law, and explains that although the patent system in China has made great progress in the protection of biological genetic resources, there are still problems, such as prior knowledge in the Patent Law of China. The absence of consent system and benefit sharing system, the flaws in the disclosure clause of genetic resources in the Patent Law, the flaws in the legal system of tort liability for biological genetic resources in the Patent Law, and the lack of patents for biological genetic resources and related administrative departments.
The third part is the overseas investigation of the patent protection of biogenetic resources. To investigate the legal protection of biogenetic resources patents in the major countries and regions, three typical countries and regions, namely the United States, India and the European Union, are selected for specific analysis. Finally, through the analysis and investigation of international conventions and the legal provisions of major countries and regions, we summarize the relevant laws to improve the protection of biogenetic resources in China. Enlightenment: Actively participate in the formulation of international rules for the protection of biological genetic resources, formulate a special law for the protection of biological genetic resources, patent law system and other laws to cooperate with each other, clear the dominant position of the government in the utilization and protection of biological genetic resources.
The fourth part is the basic idea of further improving the protection of biogenetic resources with China's patent system as the main body. Through the analysis of China's current situation and shortcomings as well as the reference to international conventions and other countries'laws, this paper puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the design of China's patent system for the protection of biogenetic resources: first, to establish and improve in advance. Informed consent system; Second, establish and improve the benefit sharing system; Third, improve the biogenetic resources information disclosure system; Fourth, improve the biogenetic resources tort liability system; Fifth, establish a special management department of biogenetic resources.
The results show that the patent system plays an important defensive role in the protection of biogenetic resources. That is to say, the patent system plays a supplementary role in the protection of biogenetic resources, and it should be a special legislation for the protection of biogenetic resources to directly stipulate the content of the acquisition and utilization of biogenetic resources. Within the framework of the system, the relevant provisions on the protection of biological genetic resources should be perfected, and the formulation of the special law on biological genetic resources should be speeded up. The two systems should be combined to complement each other and jointly protect China's biological genetic resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.42
本文編號：2240212
[Abstract]:Biogenetic resources are the basis of human survival and social development, and have important strategic significance. However, with the gradual development of social economy and biotechnology, human demand for biological genetic resources is also increasing, resulting in biogenetic resources facing species reduction, biological theft, biotechnology strategic challenges and other issues. The possession, acquisition, sharing and protection of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge have been the focus of international intellectual property law. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the legal protection of intellectual property rights of biological genetic resources. The system of obtaining and disclosing biogenetic resources is stipulated, but the regulations are more general, and the legislation still needs to be further improved. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions on perfecting the system of protecting biogenetic resources in China's patent system by analyzing the current legislation situation in China and reviewing the legislation in other countries.
The full text is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion.
The preface of the paper introduces the background and significance of the research, the research status at home and abroad, the research contents and methods, as well as the innovation and deficiencies.
The text is divided into four parts.
The first part is an overview of the relationship between patent system and biogenetic resources.This part first defines the concept and characteristics of biogenetic resources,and concludes that biogenetic resources have uncertainty of objects,tangibility and invisibility,availability and non-renewability,regionality,information sharing and pluralism of rights subjects. The characteristics of biological genetic resources reveal the complexity of the protection of biological genetic resources, and then elaborates three important principles for the protection of biological genetic resources: the principle of national sovereignty, the principle of prior informed consent and the principle of benefit sharing. The situation of "free acquisition" and "no boundaries for movement" guarantees the interests of the country where the biogenetic resources are located. Secondly, the patent system is elaborated, the concept and characteristics of the patent system are analyzed, and the incentive theory and the balance theory of the patent system are discussed. Finally, the basic relationship between the patent system and the protection of biogenetic resources is expounded. The relationship between patent system and biogenetic resources protection system is becoming closer and closer. This paper demonstrates the predicament that biogenetic resources can not be the object of patent right, and deduces the feasible way of patent system to protect biogenetic resources, that is, defensive protection.
The second part is the protection of biological genetic resources by the patent system in China. This part first summarizes the current situation of the protection of biological genetic resources by the relevant laws, such as the Patent Law, and explains that although the patent system in China has made great progress in the protection of biological genetic resources, there are still problems, such as prior knowledge in the Patent Law of China. The absence of consent system and benefit sharing system, the flaws in the disclosure clause of genetic resources in the Patent Law, the flaws in the legal system of tort liability for biological genetic resources in the Patent Law, and the lack of patents for biological genetic resources and related administrative departments.
The third part is the overseas investigation of the patent protection of biogenetic resources. To investigate the legal protection of biogenetic resources patents in the major countries and regions, three typical countries and regions, namely the United States, India and the European Union, are selected for specific analysis. Finally, through the analysis and investigation of international conventions and the legal provisions of major countries and regions, we summarize the relevant laws to improve the protection of biogenetic resources in China. Enlightenment: Actively participate in the formulation of international rules for the protection of biological genetic resources, formulate a special law for the protection of biological genetic resources, patent law system and other laws to cooperate with each other, clear the dominant position of the government in the utilization and protection of biological genetic resources.
The fourth part is the basic idea of further improving the protection of biogenetic resources with China's patent system as the main body. Through the analysis of China's current situation and shortcomings as well as the reference to international conventions and other countries'laws, this paper puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the design of China's patent system for the protection of biogenetic resources: first, to establish and improve in advance. Informed consent system; Second, establish and improve the benefit sharing system; Third, improve the biogenetic resources information disclosure system; Fourth, improve the biogenetic resources tort liability system; Fifth, establish a special management department of biogenetic resources.
The results show that the patent system plays an important defensive role in the protection of biogenetic resources. That is to say, the patent system plays a supplementary role in the protection of biogenetic resources, and it should be a special legislation for the protection of biogenetic resources to directly stipulate the content of the acquisition and utilization of biogenetic resources. Within the framework of the system, the relevant provisions on the protection of biological genetic resources should be perfected, and the formulation of the special law on biological genetic resources should be speeded up. The two systems should be combined to complement each other and jointly protect China's biological genetic resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.42
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，本文編號：2240212
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