【摘要】：植物新品種權(quán)屬于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)范疇,加大對植物新品種權(quán)的保護(hù)力度,對促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技的創(chuàng)新、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,解決土地資源的緊缺尤其是耕地資源的不足,都具有舉足輕重的作用。玉米作為我國的主要農(nóng)作物之一,強(qiáng)化對玉米新品種權(quán)的保護(hù)力度,合理調(diào)節(jié)育種者、生產(chǎn)者和經(jīng)營者之間的利益關(guān)系,對于維護(hù)我國糧食安全,保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益,維護(hù)農(nóng)村穩(wěn)定,保障社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)都有重要的意義。甘肅省的河西走廊是我國重要的玉米制種基地,由于獲得國家授權(quán)的品種較少,制種行業(yè)利潤巨大,導(dǎo)致侵權(quán)行為多發(fā),給育種專家、育種機(jī)構(gòu)和育種企業(yè)造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了農(nóng)業(yè)專家創(chuàng)新的積極性,不利于種子事業(yè)的健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為了激勵育種專家的積極性和創(chuàng)造性,在植物新品種權(quán)糾紛案件法律法規(guī)有待進(jìn)一步完善的情況下,甘肅法院以“加強(qiáng)保護(hù),分門別類,寬嚴(yán)適度”知識產(chǎn)權(quán)司法保護(hù)的基本政策為指導(dǎo),立足甘肅玉米制種業(yè)的實際情況,在審理侵害玉米品種權(quán)案件中進(jìn)行了多方位探索,對于進(jìn)一步完善植物新品種權(quán)司法保護(hù)制度,促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益,維護(hù)農(nóng)村穩(wěn)定,推動創(chuàng)新性國家建設(shè)、維護(hù)社會主義市場秩序和社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)提供了強(qiáng)有力的司法保障 本文包括五個部分： 第一部分重點對甘肅法院近五來一、二審審理的涉及玉米植物新品種權(quán)案件進(jìn)行了梳理、分析、研究,通過圖表的方式進(jìn)行了對比,總結(jié)出近年來審理植物新品種權(quán)案件的基本特點。 第二部分在第一部分的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了甘肅法院審理侵害玉米植物新品種權(quán)案件中所遇到的問題,包括管轄權(quán)混亂,近似品種能否構(gòu)成侵權(quán),追償權(quán)如何行使,法定賠償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過低的負(fù)面效應(yīng),農(nóng)民免責(zé)導(dǎo)致侵權(quán)案件增多,植物新品種保護(hù)的法律位階需要提升等問題。 第三部分著重介紹了甘肅法院在審判實踐中對侵害植物新品種權(quán)案件認(rèn)定的具體步驟和方法,并就植物新品種權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍,構(gòu)成侵權(quán)的例外情形,侵權(quán)的民事責(zé)任等審判中的主要經(jīng)驗和做法進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。 第四部分主要是針對第二部分提出的一些有待解決的爭議問題,從審理甘肅玉米制種的實際情況出發(fā),依據(jù)我民法的基本原則和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的司法保護(hù)政策,提出了解決問題的意見。 第五部分是從國家層面考慮,對妥善處理玉米植物新品種案件提出了筆者的幾點意見和建議。
[Abstract]:The new plant variety right belongs to the protection category of intellectual property right. To promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, to adjust the agricultural industrial structure, to solve the shortage of land resources, especially the shortage of cultivated land resources, to strengthen the protection of new plant variety rights, to promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, and to solve the shortage of cultivated land resources. They all play an important role. As one of the main crops in our country, to strengthen the protection of the new variety right of maize, to regulate the interest relationship between breeders, producers and operators reasonably, to safeguard the food security of our country and to protect the interests of farmers. Maintaining rural stability and ensuring the construction of a new socialist countryside are of great significance. The Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province is an important base for maize seed production in China. Due to the small number of varieties authorized by the state and the huge profits of the seed production industry, it has led to many infringing acts and given breeding experts. Breeding institutions and breeding enterprises have caused huge economic losses, seriously damaged the enthusiasm of agricultural experts to innovate, and are not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of seed undertakings. In order to encourage the enthusiasm and creativity of breeding experts, under the circumstances that the laws and regulations of the dispute cases of new plant variety rights need to be further improved, the Gansu court "strengthens the protection and classifies," Under the guidance of the basic policy of judicial protection of intellectual property rights, based on the actual situation of maize seed production industry in Gansu Province, the author has made a multi-directional exploration in the trial of cases of infringing maize variety rights. To further improve the system of judicial protection of new plant variety rights, to promote agricultural development, to protect the interests of farmers, to maintain rural stability, and to promote innovative national construction, The maintenance of socialist market order and the construction of a new socialist countryside provide a strong judicial guarantee. This paper consists of five parts: the first part focuses on the Gansu courts in the past five years. The cases involving the new variety rights of maize plants tried in the second instance were combed, analyzed, studied and compared with each other by means of charts, and summarized the basic characteristics of the cases concerning the new variety rights of maize plants in recent years. On the basis of the first part, the second part puts forward the problems encountered by Gansu court in the case of infringing the new variety right of maize plant, including the confusion of jurisdiction, whether the approximate variety can constitute an infringement, and how to exercise the right of recourse. The negative effects of the low legal compensation standard, the increase of infringement cases caused by peasant exemption, and the need to upgrade the legal rank of the protection of new plant varieties. The third part emphatically introduces the concrete steps and methods of the court in Gansu province to confirm the case of infringing new plant variety right in the trial practice, and forms the exceptional situation of infringement on the scope of protection of the new plant variety right. The main experience and practice in the trial of tort civil liability are summarized. The fourth part is mainly aimed at some controversial issues raised in the second part, proceeding from the actual situation of corn seed production in Gansu Province, according to the basic principles of China's civil law and the judicial protection policy of intellectual property rights. Suggestions for solving the problem are put forward. In the fifth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the new maize plant varieties from the national level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.4

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