甘肅法院審理玉米植物新品種權案件的調查研究報告
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-24 11:14
【摘要】：植物新品種權屬于知識產權的保護范疇,加大對植物新品種權的保護力度,對促進農業(yè)科技的創(chuàng)新、農業(yè)產業(yè)結構的調整,解決土地資源的緊缺尤其是耕地資源的不足,都具有舉足輕重的作用。玉米作為我國的主要農作物之一,強化對玉米新品種權的保護力度,合理調節(jié)育種者、生產者和經營者之間的利益關系,對于維護我國糧食安全,保護農民利益,維護農村穩(wěn)定,保障社會主義新農村建設都有重要的意義。甘肅省的河西走廊是我國重要的玉米制種基地,由于獲得國家授權的品種較少,制種行業(yè)利潤巨大,導致侵權行為多發(fā),給育種專家、育種機構和育種企業(yè)造成了巨大的經濟損失,嚴重損害了農業(yè)專家創(chuàng)新的積極性,不利于種子事業(yè)的健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為了激勵育種專家的積極性和創(chuàng)造性,在植物新品種權糾紛案件法律法規(guī)有待進一步完善的情況下,甘肅法院以“加強保護,分門別類,寬嚴適度”知識產權司法保護的基本政策為指導,立足甘肅玉米制種業(yè)的實際情況,在審理侵害玉米品種權案件中進行了多方位探索,對于進一步完善植物新品種權司法保護制度,促進農業(yè)發(fā)展,保護農民利益,維護農村穩(wěn)定,推動創(chuàng)新性國家建設、維護社會主義市場秩序和社會主義新農村建設提供了強有力的司法保障 本文包括五個部分： 第一部分重點對甘肅法院近五來一、二審審理的涉及玉米植物新品種權案件進行了梳理、分析、研究,通過圖表的方式進行了對比,總結出近年來審理植物新品種權案件的基本特點。 第二部分在第一部分的基礎上,提出了甘肅法院審理侵害玉米植物新品種權案件中所遇到的問題,包括管轄權混亂,近似品種能否構成侵權,追償權如何行使,法定賠償標準過低的負面效應,農民免責導致侵權案件增多,植物新品種保護的法律位階需要提升等問題。 第三部分著重介紹了甘肅法院在審判實踐中對侵害植物新品種權案件認定的具體步驟和方法,并就植物新品種權的保護范圍,構成侵權的例外情形,侵權的民事責任等審判中的主要經驗和做法進行了總結。 第四部分主要是針對第二部分提出的一些有待解決的爭議問題,從審理甘肅玉米制種的實際情況出發(fā),依據我民法的基本原則和知識產權的司法保護政策,提出了解決問題的意見。 第五部分是從國家層面考慮,對妥善處理玉米植物新品種案件提出了筆者的幾點意見和建議。
[Abstract]:The new plant variety right belongs to the protection category of intellectual property right. To promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, to adjust the agricultural industrial structure, to solve the shortage of land resources, especially the shortage of cultivated land resources, to strengthen the protection of new plant variety rights, to promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, and to solve the shortage of cultivated land resources. They all play an important role. As one of the main crops in our country, to strengthen the protection of the new variety right of maize, to regulate the interest relationship between breeders, producers and operators reasonably, to safeguard the food security of our country and to protect the interests of farmers. Maintaining rural stability and ensuring the construction of a new socialist countryside are of great significance. The Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province is an important base for maize seed production in China. Due to the small number of varieties authorized by the state and the huge profits of the seed production industry, it has led to many infringing acts and given breeding experts. Breeding institutions and breeding enterprises have caused huge economic losses, seriously damaged the enthusiasm of agricultural experts to innovate, and are not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of seed undertakings. In order to encourage the enthusiasm and creativity of breeding experts, under the circumstances that the laws and regulations of the dispute cases of new plant variety rights need to be further improved, the Gansu court "strengthens the protection and classifies," Under the guidance of the basic policy of judicial protection of intellectual property rights, based on the actual situation of maize seed production industry in Gansu Province, the author has made a multi-directional exploration in the trial of cases of infringing maize variety rights. To further improve the system of judicial protection of new plant variety rights, to promote agricultural development, to protect the interests of farmers, to maintain rural stability, and to promote innovative national construction, The maintenance of socialist market order and the construction of a new socialist countryside provide a strong judicial guarantee. This paper consists of five parts: the first part focuses on the Gansu courts in the past five years. The cases involving the new variety rights of maize plants tried in the second instance were combed, analyzed, studied and compared with each other by means of charts, and summarized the basic characteristics of the cases concerning the new variety rights of maize plants in recent years. On the basis of the first part, the second part puts forward the problems encountered by Gansu court in the case of infringing the new variety right of maize plant, including the confusion of jurisdiction, whether the approximate variety can constitute an infringement, and how to exercise the right of recourse. The negative effects of the low legal compensation standard, the increase of infringement cases caused by peasant exemption, and the need to upgrade the legal rank of the protection of new plant varieties. The third part emphatically introduces the concrete steps and methods of the court in Gansu province to confirm the case of infringing new plant variety right in the trial practice, and forms the exceptional situation of infringement on the scope of protection of the new plant variety right. The main experience and practice in the trial of tort civil liability are summarized. The fourth part is mainly aimed at some controversial issues raised in the second part, proceeding from the actual situation of corn seed production in Gansu Province, according to the basic principles of China's civil law and the judicial protection policy of intellectual property rights. Suggestions for solving the problem are put forward. In the fifth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the new maize plant varieties from the national level.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.4
本文編號：2200649
[Abstract]:The new plant variety right belongs to the protection category of intellectual property right. To promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, to adjust the agricultural industrial structure, to solve the shortage of land resources, especially the shortage of cultivated land resources, to strengthen the protection of new plant variety rights, to promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, and to solve the shortage of cultivated land resources. They all play an important role. As one of the main crops in our country, to strengthen the protection of the new variety right of maize, to regulate the interest relationship between breeders, producers and operators reasonably, to safeguard the food security of our country and to protect the interests of farmers. Maintaining rural stability and ensuring the construction of a new socialist countryside are of great significance. The Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province is an important base for maize seed production in China. Due to the small number of varieties authorized by the state and the huge profits of the seed production industry, it has led to many infringing acts and given breeding experts. Breeding institutions and breeding enterprises have caused huge economic losses, seriously damaged the enthusiasm of agricultural experts to innovate, and are not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of seed undertakings. In order to encourage the enthusiasm and creativity of breeding experts, under the circumstances that the laws and regulations of the dispute cases of new plant variety rights need to be further improved, the Gansu court "strengthens the protection and classifies," Under the guidance of the basic policy of judicial protection of intellectual property rights, based on the actual situation of maize seed production industry in Gansu Province, the author has made a multi-directional exploration in the trial of cases of infringing maize variety rights. To further improve the system of judicial protection of new plant variety rights, to promote agricultural development, to protect the interests of farmers, to maintain rural stability, and to promote innovative national construction, The maintenance of socialist market order and the construction of a new socialist countryside provide a strong judicial guarantee. This paper consists of five parts: the first part focuses on the Gansu courts in the past five years. The cases involving the new variety rights of maize plants tried in the second instance were combed, analyzed, studied and compared with each other by means of charts, and summarized the basic characteristics of the cases concerning the new variety rights of maize plants in recent years. On the basis of the first part, the second part puts forward the problems encountered by Gansu court in the case of infringing the new variety right of maize plant, including the confusion of jurisdiction, whether the approximate variety can constitute an infringement, and how to exercise the right of recourse. The negative effects of the low legal compensation standard, the increase of infringement cases caused by peasant exemption, and the need to upgrade the legal rank of the protection of new plant varieties. The third part emphatically introduces the concrete steps and methods of the court in Gansu province to confirm the case of infringing new plant variety right in the trial practice, and forms the exceptional situation of infringement on the scope of protection of the new plant variety right. The main experience and practice in the trial of tort civil liability are summarized. The fourth part is mainly aimed at some controversial issues raised in the second part, proceeding from the actual situation of corn seed production in Gansu Province, according to the basic principles of China's civil law and the judicial protection policy of intellectual property rights. Suggestions for solving the problem are put forward. In the fifth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the new maize plant varieties from the national level.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.4
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