本文選題：知識產(chǎn)權(quán) + 自引用率��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代以來，跨國公司研發(fā)活動布局愈發(fā)呈現(xiàn)出全球分散的特點，研發(fā)地點的選擇也由少數(shù)幾個發(fā)達(dá)國家擴(kuò)散至發(fā)展中國家。近年來，跨國公司更是在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)水平較弱的發(fā)展中國家設(shè)立了重要級別的研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)。面對發(fā)展中國家較弱的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)狀況，跨國公司內(nèi)部形成了獨(dú)特的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)制，以保護(hù)其在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)國家的研發(fā)成果。本文主要對跨國公司這一內(nèi)部化保護(hù)機(jī)制進(jìn)行推測和驗證。 在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，我們總結(jié)分析了跨國公司知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的內(nèi)部化保護(hù)機(jī)制，認(rèn)為在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)國家有研發(fā)活動的跨國公司，可以對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行模塊化分解，將其分割為多項互補(bǔ)的技術(shù)，通過全球分散的研發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行研發(fā)。而在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國家研發(fā)的知識模塊只有與企業(yè)內(nèi)部其他互補(bǔ)性資產(chǎn)結(jié)合使用時才能體現(xiàn)出價值，因而和企業(yè)內(nèi)部的聯(lián)系更為密切。這些互補(bǔ)性資產(chǎn)或是受到強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)國家的保護(hù)，或是由于距離遙遠(yuǎn)難以獲取，即使模仿者獲得了跨國公司在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)國家的創(chuàng)新成果，也無法實現(xiàn)對產(chǎn)品的模仿，因而不會對該創(chuàng)新的價值占有構(gòu)成威脅，大大降低了知識外溢的風(fēng)險。即跨國公司通過加強(qiáng)在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國家研發(fā)知識與企業(yè)內(nèi)部的聯(lián)系，來克服外部環(huán)境保護(hù)不足的不利影響，實現(xiàn)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的內(nèi)部保護(hù)。 在實證分析中，我們用專利的引用來追蹤知識溢出的軌跡，專利的自引用代表了創(chuàng)新知識在企業(yè)內(nèi)部的溢出，專利自引用率的高低反映了知識與企業(yè)的內(nèi)部聯(lián)系程度。自引用率越高，創(chuàng)新知識與企業(yè)內(nèi)部的聯(lián)系越密切，跨國公司對該創(chuàng)新的收益占有越多。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的特點，我們構(gòu)建了零膨脹負(fù)二項模型，分兩步對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的內(nèi)部化保護(hù)機(jī)制進(jìn)行驗證，研究結(jié)果表明：（1）跨國公司在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國家研發(fā)的專利，與在強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國家研發(fā)的專利相比，自引用率更高；（2）在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國家有研發(fā)活動的跨國公司，其專利的自引用率比其他企業(yè)的高。這兩個結(jié)論從兩個角度證明了在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國家研發(fā)的專利與企業(yè)內(nèi)部有著更緊密的聯(lián)系，，即跨國公司通過加強(qiáng)在弱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)國家研發(fā)專利與企業(yè)內(nèi)部的聯(lián)系，來實現(xiàn)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)。此外，研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，地理距離在一定程度上阻礙了創(chuàng)新知識在企業(yè)內(nèi)部的溢出。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the distribution of R & D activities of MNCs has become more and more global, and the choice of R & D sites has spread from a few developed countries to developing countries. In recent years, MNCs have set up important R & D institutions in developing countries with weak IPR protection. In the face of weak intellectual property protection in developing countries, multinational corporations have formed a unique intellectual property protection mechanism to protect their R & D achievements in weak intellectual property countries. This paper mainly speculates and verifies the internalization protection mechanism of multinational corporations. On the basis of previous studies, we summarize and analyze the internalization protection mechanism of intellectual property rights of multinational corporations. We think that multinational corporations with R & D activities in weak intellectual property countries can decompose products by modularization. Divide it into a number of complementary technologies and research and development through a global network of decentralized research and development. The knowledge modules developed in weak intellectual property rights protection countries can reflect the value only when they are used in combination with other complementary assets within the enterprises, so they are more closely related to the internal enterprises. These complementary assets are either protected by countries with strong intellectual property rights or are difficult to access from a distance, and even if imitators obtain the innovations of transnational corporations in weak intellectual property countries, they will not be able to mimic products, Therefore, it does not pose a threat to the value possession of the innovation and greatly reduces the risk of knowledge spillover. That is to say, multinational corporations can overcome the adverse effects of inadequate external environmental protection and realize the internal protection of intellectual property rights by strengthening the relationship between R & D knowledge and enterprises in weak intellectual property protection countries. In the empirical analysis, we use patent citation to track the path of knowledge spillover. The self-citation of patent represents the spillover of innovation knowledge within the enterprise, and the level of patent self-citation rate reflects the degree of internal connection between knowledge and enterprise. The higher the self-citation rate is, the closer the relationship between innovation knowledge and enterprise is, and the more MNCs share the profits of the innovation. According to the characteristics of the data, we construct a zero-expansion negative binomial model, and verify the mechanism of IPR internalization protection in two steps. The results show that: (1) the patents developed by MNCs in weak IPR countries are protected. Compared with the research and development in strong intellectual property rights countries, the self-citing rate is higher; (2) multinational corporations with R & D activities in weak intellectual property rights protection countries have higher patent self-citing rate than other enterprises. These two conclusions prove from two angles that there is a closer relationship between R & D patents in weak intellectual property rights countries and enterprises, that is, multinational corporations strengthen the links between R & D patents and enterprises in weak intellectual property rights countries. To protect intellectual property rights. In addition, the study also found that geographical distance hinders the spillover of innovative knowledge within the enterprise to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.7;F272

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