本文選題：非線性矢量網(wǎng)絡分析儀 + 寬帶諧波相位參考　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：在過去的幾十年里,半導體新材料、新工藝的飛速發(fā)展與進步,使射頻微波器件的工作特性產(chǎn)生了質的飛躍。以典型二端口有源器件為例,為追求高附加效率、高輸出功率以及線性度等技術指標以滿足綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展,射頻工程師越來越傾向于將功率放大器設計工作在非線性區(qū)域內。此時在大功率信號的激勵下,功放器件將表現(xiàn)出一系列典型的非線性失真特性,例如諧波失真、互調失真、功率壓縮以及記憶效應等。在這種應用背景下,經(jīng)典線性系統(tǒng)理論(例如小信號S參數(shù))將不再適用于該類器件精確的行為建模與輸出預測。而非線性X參數(shù)作為下一代工業(yè)級別標準化非線性行為模型方法,適用于復雜頻譜分布下有源器件性能響應的精確表征,因此逐漸成為當前微波工程的研究熱點領域。同時,該行為模型的參數(shù)提取測量平臺-------非線性矢量網(wǎng)絡分析儀(Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer,NVNA),由于具備了任意交叉頻譜絕對幅度與相位譜的測量功能,故也被公認為是未來新一代的射頻微波網(wǎng)絡分析平臺。諧波相位參考作為非線性矢量網(wǎng)絡分析儀中的重要參考測量通道,是保證交叉頻譜絕對相位值測量能力和精確度的關鍵。然而考慮到目前商用相位參考遭遇的困境,本論文提出了具有設計方便、更低本底噪聲和加工成本的相位參考實現(xiàn)方案,解決了其工作帶寬過窄和需外部協(xié)同控制的缺點。另外,論文還重點完成了X參數(shù)向更高維度、高復雜度及高精度條件下行為模型理論的拓展等一系列創(chuàng)新性研究工作,并將傳統(tǒng)X參數(shù)從理想化工作條件推廣到更一般的應用環(huán)境中。本課題的研究內容緊跟當前國際發(fā)展前沿動態(tài),為國內研究學者開展后續(xù)相關探索提供堅實有效的理論基礎和指導意義。本論文的主要研究內容和創(chuàng)新性研究成果如下:首先,針對當前應用需求背景提出了基于共面波導非線性傳輸線的超窄時域脈沖信號發(fā)生器(也稱梳狀波發(fā)生器)實現(xiàn)方案,經(jīng)設計優(yōu)化后制作了以梳狀波發(fā)生器為核心部件的寬帶諧波相位參考原型樣機,解決了上一代產(chǎn)品工作頻帶過窄的缺點;同時,為了解決寬帶諧波相位參考的量值溯源問題,創(chuàng)新性的提出了基于光電采樣系統(tǒng)和寬帶等效采樣示波器的完整相位定標技術,定標結果滿足技術指標要求。為組建新一代具有自主知識產(chǎn)權的NVNA平臺做出了理論和工程貢獻,實現(xiàn)了非線性X參數(shù)行為模型的完整測量功能。其次,受限于模型建立過程中的嚴苛假設,傳統(tǒng)X參數(shù)愈發(fā)難以精確表征有源功放器件的真實響應,因此本文提出了具有更普適和一般化的負載相關X參數(shù)行為模型理論,將微小阻抗失配的工作條件拓展到全阻抗失配情況。在此基礎上,參考二端口微波網(wǎng)絡下小信號S參數(shù)理論的應用,推導了基于負載相關X參數(shù)的微波網(wǎng)絡輸入反射系數(shù)解析表達式。該成果打破了大功率有源功放器件相關領域的研究空白,為后續(xù)的諸如資用功率增益、三階截距點和相鄰信道功率比等非線性參數(shù)的解析性求解提供理論依據(jù)。最后,為了表征有源功放器件普遍存在的諧波長期記憶效應的影響,建立和推導出了包絡域內諧波動態(tài)X參數(shù)行為模型,并提出了基于超窄二值脈沖包絡信號的行為模型有效性檢驗方案。在校驗過程中,測量了射頻ZFL_11AD+功放包含基波和任意階次諧波的瞬時輸出包絡域信號,成功提取出了該器件的基波和諧波動態(tài)記憶核函數(shù)。所提取的基波記憶核與傳統(tǒng)基于雙音激勵信號的矢量方案完全吻合,而諧波記憶核函數(shù)的方法尚屬國內外首創(chuàng),豐富和補充了非線性記憶效應的相關研究成果。
[Abstract]:In the past few decades, the rapid development and progress of new semiconductor materials and new technologies have made a qualitative leap in the performance of RF microwave devices. Taking typical two port active devices as an example, for the pursuit of high additional efficiency, high output power and linearity and other technical indicators to meet the sustainable green development, RF engineers are becoming more and more important. When the power amplifier is excited by the power amplifier, the power amplifier devices will show a series of typical nonlinear distortion characteristics, such as harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion, power compression and memory effect. In this application, the classical linear system theory (such as small signal S reference) The number) will no longer apply to the precise behavior modeling and output prediction of this type of device, and the nonlinear X parameter, as the next generation of industrial level standardized nonlinear behavior model, is suitable for the accurate characterization of the performance response of active devices under complex spectrum distribution. Therefore, it has gradually become a hot research field in the current microwave engineering. The parameter extraction and measurement platform of the model, Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer (NVNA), is also recognized as a new generation of radio frequency microwave network analysis platform in the future because of the measurement function of the absolute amplitude and phase spectrum of arbitrary cross spectrum. The important reference measurement channel in the analyzer is the key to ensure the measurement of the absolute phase value and accuracy of the cross spectrum. However, considering the dilemma of the current commercial phase reference, this paper proposes a phase reference scheme with convenient design, lower background noise and processing cost, which solves the narrow bandwidth and need of its working bandwidth. In addition, the thesis also focuses on a series of innovative research work on the development of X parameters to higher dimension, high complexity and high precision, and extends the traditional X parameters from idealized working conditions to more general application environment. The research content of this topic is closely followed by the current international research. The development of Frontier dynamics provides a solid and effective theoretical basis and guidance for domestic researchers to carry out follow-up exploration. The main research content and innovative research results of this paper are as follows: firstly, the ultra narrow time domain pulse generator based on the nonlinear transmission line of coplanar waveguide is proposed. The realization scheme of the comb wave generator is designed and optimized. After the design and optimization, a broadband harmonic phase reference prototype with comb wave generator as the core component is made to solve the shortcoming of the narrow bandwidth of the previous generation of the product. At the same time, in order to solve the source tracing problem of the wide-band harmonic phase reference, the innovative method based on the photoelectric sampling system is put forward. With the complete phase calibration technology of the broadband equivalent sampling oscilloscope, the calibration result meets the requirement of the technical index. It makes the theoretical and engineering contribution for the establishment of a new generation of NVNA platform with independent intellectual property rights, and realizes the complete measurement function of the nonlinear X parameter behavior model. Secondly, it is limited to the harsh hypothesis in the model establishment process. X parameters are more difficult to accurately characterize the real response of active power amplifier devices. Therefore, this paper presents a more universal and general load related X parameter behavior model theory, extending the working conditions of small impedance mismatch to the full impedance mismatch. On this basis, the application of the small signal S parameter theory under the two end port microwave network is used. The analytical expression of the input reflection coefficient based on the load dependent X parameters is derived. The results break the blank of the research in the fields related to the high-power active power amplifier, and provide the theoretical basis for the analytical solution of the following nonlinear parameters, such as the power gain, the three order intercept point and the power ratio of the adjacent channels. The harmonic dynamic X parameter behavior model in the envelope domain is established and deduced, and the effectiveness test scheme of the behavior model based on the ultra narrow two value pulse envelope signal is proposed. In the verification process, the measurement of the radio frequency ZFL_11AD+ power amplifier includes the fundamental and arbitrary order. The instantaneous output envelope signal of the subharmonic is successfully extracted the dynamic memory kernel function of the fundamental harmonic wave of the device. The extracted fundamental wave memory kernel is in good agreement with the traditional vector scheme based on the double sound excitation signal, and the harmonic memory kernel function is the first one at home and abroad, enriching and supplemented the correlation of the nonlinear memory effect. Research findings.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN722.75;TM935
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本文編號：2079505