本文選題：漢語規(guī)劃 + 漢字規(guī)劃　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：長期以來,學(xué)界一直將漢字規(guī)劃視為漢語規(guī)劃的有機組成部分。由于漢字是記錄漢語的最重要的輔助性交際工具,因此上述觀點不僅反映了漢字和漢語的密切關(guān)系,也維護了漢語規(guī)劃研究的完整性。然而,面對當(dāng)前日益嚴(yán)重的中國社會漢字問題,我們也應(yīng)從漢字的自身特點出發(fā),重視并強調(diào)漢字規(guī)劃的相對獨立性,充分發(fā)揮漢字規(guī)劃的社會功能。基于此,本文以“中國漢字規(guī)劃研究”作為論文選題,集中解答了以下五方面問題。(1)為何要開展專門性的漢字規(guī)劃研究?漢字規(guī)劃的屬性和定義是什么?(2)中國漢字規(guī)劃經(jīng)歷了怎樣的古今演變?(3)其他地區(qū)和國家的漢字規(guī)劃實踐,為我們提供了哪些經(jīng)驗?(4)中國漢字規(guī)劃的主要范疇是什么?其劃分依據(jù)和理論內(nèi)涵又是什么?(5)當(dāng)前的中國漢字規(guī)劃問題有哪些?我們應(yīng)如何有效應(yīng)對?雖然漢字規(guī)劃對漢語規(guī)劃存在一定的依附性,但其獨立性也十分顯著。換言之,漢字規(guī)劃兼具依附性和獨立性兩重屬性。這一觀點可由漢字規(guī)劃的社會功能來證實。我們認(rèn)為,國家認(rèn)同、社會交往、教育啟蒙和文化傳播是漢字規(guī)劃的主要社會功能。一方面,由于漢字規(guī)劃在國家認(rèn)同功能和社會交往功能方面是漢語規(guī)劃的有益補充,因此它在一定程度上依附于漢語規(guī)劃而存在；另一方面,由于漢字的形體表意性和文化傳承性賦予了漢字規(guī)劃超越漢語規(guī)劃的特殊功能優(yōu)勢——教育啟蒙功能和文化傳播功能,因此漢字規(guī)劃的獨立性也十分鮮明。據(jù)此,我們應(yīng)在承認(rèn)漢字規(guī)劃依附性的基礎(chǔ)上,強調(diào)和重視漢字規(guī)劃的相對獨立性,并將漢字規(guī)劃作為獨立的學(xué)術(shù)概念加以界定。所謂漢字規(guī)劃,是指政府、社團、學(xué)者或個人通過頒行漢字政策、制定漢字法律、編寫漢字規(guī)范等方式,對漢字的政治地位、本體要素(主要包括漢字的字形、字音、字量、字序等)、社會使用、國內(nèi)教育和海外傳播等方面所進行的前瞻性的動態(tài)引導(dǎo)與調(diào)節(jié),旨在妥善解決與漢字密切相關(guān)的社會問題,使?jié)h字更好地服務(wù)于社會。從古到今,中國漢字規(guī)劃先后經(jīng)歷了啟蒙與成長、變革與探索、改革與穩(wěn)進等階段。經(jīng)過數(shù)千年的演變,中國漢字規(guī)劃不僅建立起了較為完備的行政指導(dǎo)體系,實踐范圍也不斷擴大,全面涵蓋了漢字地位、漢字字形、漢字字音、漢字字量、漢字字序、漢字典籍、社會用字、漢字教育、漢字傳播和漢字社會活動等規(guī)劃領(lǐng)域。不同歷史時期的漢字規(guī)劃特點如下：啟蒙時期(先秦時期)的漢字規(guī)劃內(nèi)容簡單、形式原始；成長時期(秦代-清代)的漢字規(guī)劃注重漢字統(tǒng)一,服務(wù)于專制統(tǒng)治；變革與探索時期(民國時期)的漢字規(guī)劃注重漢字改良,突出漢字普及；改革與穩(wěn)進時期(新中國時期)的漢字規(guī)劃注重宏觀引導(dǎo),強調(diào)漢字規(guī)范。除中國大陸外,我國的香港、澳門、臺灣地區(qū)和日本、韓國、新加坡、馬來西亞、泰國等漢字文化圈國家的漢字規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗,也值得探討與學(xué)習(xí)。香港、澳門地區(qū)的漢字規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗表現(xiàn)為雙文政策和繁簡由之,臺灣地區(qū)的漢字規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗表現(xiàn)為繁體為正和簡體為用,日本的規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗表現(xiàn)為分門別類和注重應(yīng)用,韓國的漢字規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗表現(xiàn)為教育為先和韓漢并用,新加坡的漢字規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗表現(xiàn)為全面簡化和數(shù)位教學(xué),馬來西亞和泰國的漢字規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗表現(xiàn)為順時簡化和簡化推廣。中國漢字規(guī)劃具有政治范疇、社會范疇、教育范疇和傳播范疇四個主要范疇。四大范疇的劃分依據(jù)為：第一,避免了類型劃分的弊端；第二,與漢字規(guī)劃的社會功能相互照應(yīng),突出了本文的理論主線；第三,有助于揭示中國漢字規(guī)劃的本質(zhì)與規(guī)律。四大范疇的理論內(nèi)涵為：政治范疇是指漢字的政治地位規(guī)劃,它以封建時期的顯隱之辨、民國時期的存廢之爭和新中國時期的文字平等為代表；社會范疇是指漢字的社會使用規(guī)劃,它以封建時期的漢字統(tǒng)一、民國時期的漢字改良和新中國時期的漢字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定為代表；教育范疇是指漢字的國內(nèi)教育規(guī)劃,它以封建時期的漢字強權(quán)、民國以后的漢字啟蒙和近年來的漢字能力建設(shè)為代表；傳播范疇是指漢字的海外傳播規(guī)劃,它以封建時期的漢字交流、新中國成立初期的漢字教學(xué)和2000年以后的漢字推廣為代表。當(dāng)前的漢字規(guī)劃問題可以分為四類：政治問題、社會問題、教育問題和傳播問題。其中,政治問題包括字母詞的地位界定和漢字國際地位規(guī)劃,社會問題包括繁體字的境內(nèi)使用、地名用字規(guī)范、人名用字規(guī)范、網(wǎng)絡(luò)用字管理和漢字信息產(chǎn)業(yè)建設(shè),教育問題包括漢字教育安全維護和漢字書寫能力提升,傳播問題包括簡化字的境外推廣和對外漢字傳播探索。我們建議：在開展字母詞地位界定時,應(yīng)明確字母詞的性質(zhì),區(qū)分字母詞的政治地位和功能地位。在開展?jié)h字國際地位規(guī)劃時,應(yīng)避免文字霸權(quán)主義,積極應(yīng)對大國文字的挑戰(zhàn),以獲取國際話語權(quán)為規(guī)劃核心。在開展繁體字的境內(nèi)使用規(guī)劃時,應(yīng)理清簡繁字關(guān)系,鞏固簡化字的社會通用地位,制定專門性的“繁體字表”,開展多種類型的繁體字活動。在開展地名用字規(guī)劃時,應(yīng)將規(guī)范觀與實用觀相結(jié)合,地名選字與文化傳承相結(jié)合,政府、公眾、企業(yè)利益相結(jié)合,本土化與國際化相結(jié)合。在開展人名用字規(guī)劃時,應(yīng)吸取他國的規(guī)劃經(jīng)驗,開展人名用字動態(tài)監(jiān)測,完善人名用字法規(guī)建設(shè),研制推薦性人名用字表。在開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)用字管理時,應(yīng)認(rèn)清網(wǎng)絡(luò)新字的作用與性質(zhì),對其使用范圍加以限制。在開展?jié)h字信息產(chǎn)業(yè)建設(shè)時,應(yīng)樹立知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護意識,健全漢字信息法律建設(shè),注重漢字信息行業(yè)升級。在維護國內(nèi)漢字教育安全時,應(yīng)提高漢字教育安全意識,重視各階段的漢字教育,合理部署外文教育戰(zhàn)略。在提升全民漢字書寫能力時,應(yīng)正視“提筆忘字”問題,加強漢字書寫教育,勿忘漢字文化之根。在完善簡化字的境外推廣時,應(yīng)摒棄簡繁對立的錯誤觀念,發(fā)揮簡化字固有的形體優(yōu)勢,增加簡化字文化介紹。在開展對外漢字傳播規(guī)劃時,應(yīng)增強宏觀政策引導(dǎo),構(gòu)建對外漢字傳播模式,開辟漢字文化走廊。
[Abstract]:For a long time, Chinese language planning has been regarded as an integral part of Chinese planning. Since Chinese characters are the most important auxiliary communication tools to record Chinese, this view not only reflects the close relationship between Chinese and Chinese, but also maintains the integrity of Chinese planning research. However, it is faced with the increasingly serious Chinese society. On the issue of Chinese characters, we should pay attention to and emphasize the relative independence of Chinese character planning and give full play to the social function of Chinese character planning. Based on this, this paper takes "Chinese character planning research" as the topic of the thesis and focuses on the following five questions. (1) why do we carry out special Chinese character planning research? What are the attributes and definitions of word planning? (2) what are the ancient and modern evolvement of Chinese character planning? (3) what experience have been provided for the planning practice of Chinese characters in other regions and countries? (4) what are the main categories of Chinese character planning, and what is its division basis and theory connotation? (5) what is the problem of Chinese character planning at present How should we deal with it effectively? Although Chinese character planning has a certain dependence on Chinese planning, its independence is also very significant. In other words, the planning of Chinese characters has dual attributes of dependence and independence. This view can be confirmed by the social function of the planning of Chinese characters. We recognize that national identity, social interaction, educational enlightenment and culture are recognized. Communication is the main social function of Chinese character planning. On the one hand, because the planning of Chinese characters is a beneficial supplement to the national identity function and social communication function, it is dependent on the Chinese planning to a certain extent. On the other hand, the form meaning and cultural inheritance of the Chinese characters endow the Chinese characters with the planning transcendence. The special function advantage of Chinese language planning, educational enlightenment function and cultural communication function, therefore, the independence of Chinese character planning is also very distinct. Accordingly, we should emphasize and attach importance to the relative independence of Chinese character planning on the basis of admitting the dependence of Chinese character planning, and define the Chinese character planning as an independent academic concept. Word planning refers to the forward-looking and dynamic guidance and adjustment of the government, association, scholar or individual through the promulgation of the policy of Chinese characters, the formulation of Chinese character laws, and the compilation of Chinese characters, the political status of the Chinese characters, the main elements of the Chinese characters, including the characters of characters, words, words, word order, etc., social use, domestic education and overseas communication. In order to solve the social problems closely related to Chinese characters and make Chinese characters better serve the society, the planning of Chinese characters has experienced the stages of enlightenment and growth, reform and exploration, reform and steady progress from ancient times to the present. After thousands of years of evolution, Chinese character planning has not only established a relatively complete administrative guidance system, and the practice of Chinese character planning has not only been established. The scope also expands, covering the status of Chinese characters, Chinese characters, Chinese characters, characters, characters, Chinese characters, Chinese characters, Chinese characters, Chinese character education, Chinese character communication and Chinese character social activities. The characteristics of Chinese character planning in different historical periods are as follows: the content of Chinese character planning in the period of Enlightenment (pre Qin period) is simple and form The planning of Chinese characters in the period of growth (Qin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty) focused on the unification of Chinese characters and the rule of autocracy; the planning of Chinese characters in the period of change and exploration (during the period of the Republic of China) paid attention to the improvement of Chinese characters and highlighted the popularity of Chinese characters; the Chinese character planning in the period of reform and stability (in the period of new China) emphasized the macro guidance and emphasized the standard of Chinese characters. In Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan region and Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and other Chinese characters and culture countries, the experience of Chinese character planning is also worth exploring and learning. The experience of the planning of Chinese characters in Hongkong and Macao is manifested by the dual policy and simplicity. The experience of the planning of Chinese characters in the Taiwan area is shown as the traditional and simple use of the Chinese characters in the Taiwan area. The experience of the planning is classified and applied. The experience of the planning of Chinese characters in Korea is shown as the first and the Han Dynasty. The experience of the planning of Chinese characters in Singapore is simplified and digital teaching. The experience of the planning of Chinese characters in Malaysia and Thailand is simplified and simplified. The planning of Chinese characters has a political model. The four main categories of domain, social category, educational category and communication category. The basis of the division of four categories is: first, avoid the malpractice of type division; second, the social function of the Chinese character planning is complementary to each other, which highlights the theoretical main line of this article; third, it helps to reveal the essence and law of the Chinese character planning. The theory of the four major categories The connotation is: the political category refers to the political status planning of Chinese characters. It is represented by the discernment of the explicit hidden feudalism period, the controversy over the abolition of the Republic of China during the period of the Republic of China and the equality of words in the new China period; the social category refers to the social use planning of Chinese characters. It is unified in the feudal period of Chinese characters, the improvement of Chinese characters in the period of the people's country and the Chinese characters in the new China period. Standard formulation is the representative; the category of education refers to the domestic education plan of Chinese characters. It is represented by the strong power of Chinese characters in the feudal period, the Enlightenment of Chinese characters after the Republic of China and the construction of Chinese character ability in recent years. The scope of communication refers to the overseas communication planning of Chinese characters. It is exchanged in feudal times, and the Chinese character teaching and 2000 in the early days of the founding of new China. The current Chinese characters can be popularized as the representative. The current problems of Chinese character planning can be divided into four categories: political, social, education and communication. Among them, political issues include the definition of the status of the alphabet and the international status of Chinese characters, social problems including the use of traditional characters, the standard of the use of the names of the names of the names of the names of the names of the names of the names of the names of the names of people, and the norms of the names and characters of the names of people. The management of the collaterals and the construction of the Chinese character information industry include the safety maintenance of Chinese characters and the improvement of the writing ability of Chinese characters. The communication problems include the extension of the simplified Chinese characters abroad and the exploration of the dissemination of Chinese characters. When carrying out the planning of the international status of Chinese characters, we should avoid the hegemonism of the characters, actively respond to the challenge of the characters of the great powers, and take the international discourse power as the core of the planning. In the development of the domestic use planning of the traditional Chinese characters, we should clear the relationship of the simple characters, consolidate the social status of the simplified characters, and formulate the special "traditional form" and carry out a lot of development. In the development of the planning of the type of geographical names, we should combine the standard concept and the practical view, combine the geographical names and the cultural inheritance, combine the government, the public, the enterprise interests, and combine the localization with the internationalization. In carrying out the planning of the names of people, we should absorb the planning experience of his country, carry out the dynamic monitoring of the characters of the names of people, and perfect the dynamic monitoring of the names of people. In the development of the Chinese character information industry, we should establish the awareness of the protection of intellectual property, improve the legal construction of Chinese character information, and pay attention to the upgrading of the Chinese character information industry. In protecting the safety of Chinese character education in China, we should improve the awareness of Chinese character education security, attach importance to the education of Chinese characters in various stages and rationally deploy the strategy of foreign language education. In order to improve the writing ability of Chinese characters, we should face the problem of "forget the words of the pen", strengthen the education of Chinese characters and forget the root of the Chinese character culture. In carrying out the planning of the spread of Chinese characters, we should strengthen the guidance of macro policy, construct the mode of communication of Chinese characters, and open up the cultural corridor of Chinese characters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H12
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本文編號：2056627